Climbing guidebook

Scrambles in the Canadian Rockies (2016), by Alan Kane.

Climbing guidebooks are used by mountaineers, alpinists, ice climbers, and rock climbers to locate, grade, and navigate climbing routes on mountains or climbing crags. Modern route guidebooks include detailed information on each climbing route, including topo diagrams, route beta, and the ethics and style that are in place for a given climbing area (i.e whether sport climbing bolts can be used).

Modern climbing guidebooks are increasingly available in digital format, and even as searchable smartphone apps with extensive beta and three-dimensional diagrams of routes. Extensive online 'opensource' databases of climbing routes now exist, however, the publication of 'physical guidebooks' for technical climbing routes is still ongoing given the unique demands of climbing (with many having both a physical and online edition).

Climbing route guidebooks began to proliferate at the turn of the 20th century in Europe and have become an important chronicle of the history and stories of climbing areas and routes (e.g. who made the first free ascent) and play an important part in promoting the sport of climbing. Several notable libraries exist dedicated to the collection of current and historical climbing guidebooks, and there are awards for exceptional guidebooks.

Content and information

Main article: Climbing route § Details

Topo image of cliff Toix Est in the Costa Blanca region of Spain, by climber Chris Craggs from a Rockfax guidebook

Before discussing individual routes, a climbing guidebook will outline the history and current status of climbing ethics applicable for the location including for example whether the use of bolts for sport climbing is allowed, and other local customs (e.g. use if non-clean aid climbing techniques), and the legal position around access to the location.

Guidebooks can locate a given route by verbal description (for example: " start in the third left-facing corner below the large, orange roof, left of the route "Something Interesting"). Starting in the 1980s, a diagram style was developed, with detailed diagrams (or photographs) of the routes with the key obstacles and challenges encountered explicitly marked/overlaid, which came to be called "topos" (see image opposite).

Modern guidebooks include a range of standard details for each specific route, including the length of a route and its climbing grade. The description can also include varying amounts of information about how to climb the route, such as the location of the crux and any special techniques needed (i.e. bridging, laybacking, or the need for aid climbing)—when the information on 'how to climb' a route is very detailed it is collectively known as beta, and can affect the style of the ascent (i.e. onsighting). The guidebook may also include the type of equipment needed and particularly for climbing protection. In a definitive guide, the route's history (e.g. credits for first free ascents) would also be included.

In 2022, two Austrian climbers published Klimafreundlich Klettern (or Sustainable Climbing), a guidebook on the Tyrol whose climbing routes could be accessed via public transport or bicycle, thus reducing the carbon footprint of the climbers.

Publication and authorship

Guidebooks may be compilations of selected popular or well-regarded routes (e.g. Fifty Classic Climbs of North America or Hard Rock), or exhaustive compilations of all known climbing routes in a region (e.g. the 512-page Lancashire Rock in Britain). The books may be published by national/regional mountaineering bodies (e.g. the British Mountaineering Council in Britain, the Club Alpino Italiano in Italy, or the Sierra Club in the US), by commercial publishers (e.g. Rockfax and Cicerone in Europe or Falcon in the US), or self-published by local enthusiasts, which is how climbing areas get started.

Regardless of publication, in many cases, the authorship of the climbing guidebook will explicitly (i.e. named on the front cover), or implicitly (listed as contributors/advisors), include well-regarded climbers who are associated with the climbing area in question. There are however notable climbing guidebook authors who are not specifically associated with an area, but whose authorship and climbing insights are equally well-regarded, examples being Britain's Ken Wilson and America's Steve Roper, who wrote many notable climbing guidebooks for a wide range of locations.

As a climbing area develops, new editions of the guidebook for the area will be published to capture the details of new climbing routes, to update details for existing routes, and in particular to show any change in the consensus grade of existing climbing routes. The task of re-grading existing climbs, and ensuring that the guidebook accurately and fairly reflects the assessments of respected climbers in the area, can be lengthy—and can lead to many heated debates amongst climbers, which need to be 'consensus-driven'. Between editions, 'new routes updates' are often held online.

In recent years, many climbing guidebooks have been published in digital format, often for display in smartphone applications as apps. This medium offers the benefit of continuous updates, as well as rapid searching, and in some cases, GPS navigation and three dimensional diagrams. There are now several major online climbing route databases including 'theCrag.com' and 'MountainProject.com', however, climbing authors note that the need for 'physical guidebooks' that can be carried by climbers to (often) remote crags remains (many have physical and online editions).

Libraries and collections

Several mountaineering organizations maintain extensive libraries and collections of current and historical climbing guidebooks, including the British Mountaineering Council, who have been compiling an updated Bibliography of British and Irish Guidebooks (from 1894). The library of the American Alpine Club is also noted for its collection of climbing guidebooks. A noted online database of information on climbing routes—including verified ascensionists—is the late Elizabeth Hawley's, The Himalayan Database.

Influence and notable books

Title page from Peaks, Passes, and Glaciers (1859), edited by John Ball, first president of the Alpine Club

Some of the earliest dedicated climbing guidebooks can be dated back to the mid-19th century and the Golden Age of Alpinism, with the British Alpine Club's Peaks, Passes, and Glaciers (1859) arguably being one of the first-ever published climbing guidebooks. Climbing guidebooks became an important part of developing the culture of climbing and the promotion of the activity as a sport and became increasingly common by the turn of the 20th century in Europe and after World War Two in North America.

Guidebooks chronicle and transmit the history and stories of climbing areas and individual climbing routes, and delineate what is considered to be good and/or acceptable style in a particular area, and what is not acceptable (e.g use of sport climbing bolts, or non-clean aid climbing). There have been instances where local climbers have strongly objected to the publication of a guidebook due to differences in opinion on local climbing ethics, and/or the prospect of attracting increased visitors (e.g. at Pike's Peak in Colorado).

Several climbing guidebooks are historically notable and include:

British Isles

• Some Gritstone Climbs (1913).
• Hard Rock (1974).

Continental European

• Peaks, Passes, and Glaciers. A Series of Excursions by the Members of the Alpine Club (1959).
• Alpine Club Guide (German: Alpenvereinsführer, commonly shortened to AV Führer or AVF).
• Guida dei Monti d'Italia (in English Guidebook to the Italian mountains).

North American

• A Climber's Guide to the Teton Range (1956).
• A Climber's Guide to Yosemite Valley (1964).
• Fifty Classic Climbs of North America (1979).

Awards

The Banff Mountain Book Festival has at times given a 'Best Guidebook Award' for outstanding guidebooks.

See also

• Climbing route
• Climbing technique

External links

• theCrag, Europe's largest online rock climbing route database
• MountainProject, North America's largest online rock and ice climbing route database
• VIDEO: How to use a climbing guide book, EpicTV (2016)
• VIDEO: How to use a climbing guide book, British Mountaineering Council (2017)
• Compiling A Climbing Guidebook, Irish ClimbingWiki (2023)