User:Clemmy/404

404 Draxlbauer

• map of USA: states, major cities, Appalachians, Rockies, Great Plains, Mississippi, Rio Grande
• Puritanism as a political and social movement
• John Winthrop - "Citty upon a hill"
• religious liberty, Quakers, Jefferson
• Franklin, Jefferson, Washington, Sherman
• symbolism of flags (USA, CSA, UK)
• Declaration of Independence, structure and general content
• "The Star-Spangled Banner", verse 1, circumstances
• Noah Webster
• US political system: checks and balances, US Constitution: Preamble, Art. 1, 2, 3, Bill of Rights, esp. Article 1 and 2
• Louisiana purchase
• The war of 1812
• Monroe Doctrine
• Manifest Destiny
• Mexican-American War and the new states of Texas and California
• Thoreau, Civil Disobedience
• The Civil War, who was fighting whom, when, why?
• Slavery
• Lincoln, letter to Greeley, Emancipation Proclamation
• Reconstruction Era + Civil War Amendmends 13, 14, 15
• The Ku Klux Klan
• The Spanish-American War
• The American Century / US Imperialism: Big stick diplomacy, dollar diplomacy
• Hawaii, the Philippines, Panama, Nicaragua
• The US and WW1
• The US and WW2: Hiroshima, Nagasaki
• The Marshall Plan
• The United Nations
• The Cold War: NATO, The Truman Doctrine
• The Korean War
• Segregation, Jim Crow laws
• Desegregation
• Affirmative Action
• Civil Rights Movement: Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, Rosa Parks
• NAACP
• Nation of Islam
• ACLU
• American concept of "race" (self-definition)
• Population: groups, esp. African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans
• The Hispanic Population: 3 major groups
• Puerto Rico
• Chicanismo/Xicanism@
• The Vietnam War
• The Reagan Doctrine
• The City upon a hill in recent political speeches
• American exceptionalism
• The Bush Doctrine
• The USA Patriot Act

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Banauch - Summer term '05

The course homepage is located at http://homepage.univie.ac.at/eugen.banauch/

Exam was held on June 24, 2005. 10.00-12.00, C2 - I failed :-)

General information

• United States
• History of the United States
• National myth

Session 1

• (cultural studies theory)

Session 2

• E pluribus unum
• New England, Middle Atlantic States, Old South, Deep South

Session 3

• Amerigo Vespucci
• Martin Waldseemüller
• Hernan Cortes (Mexico)
• Tenochtitlan
• St. Augustine
• The Columbian Exchange
• Giovanni da Verrazano (New York)
• Jacques Cartier (Canada)
• Samuel de Champlain (Canada)
• Coureur du Bois
• Métis people (Canada)
• Pere Jacques Marquette
• Sieur de La Salle (Canada)
• John Cabot
• Act of Supremacy in 1534 (English Anglican Church is founded)
• Catherine of Aragon (reason for Act of Supremacy)
• infant son Edward VI
• Sir Francis Drake
• Spanish Armada
• Roanoke
• Plymouth and London stock companies
• Jamestown in May 1607
• John Smith
• John Rolfe
• Pocahontas
• Powhatans
• Plymouth – Plimoth
• Mayflower Compact - "civil body politic"
• 17th century; four distinct regions: New England, Chesapeake, Carolina, The Middle Colonies
• Puritan Commonwealths
• Royal Colonies
• Sir Walter Raleigh
• Puritans
• pure word of the bible (sola scriptura)
• congregationalism
• Puritan writers in England: Andrew Marvell; John Milton
• Paradise Lost (1667)
• Philanthropy
• Salem
• John Winthrop - utopian alternative to Old England, "A Model of Christian Charity". "We *shall be a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us."
• Wampanoags living close to Plymouth under their chief Metacom
• Famous dissenters: Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson
• Witch hunts in Salem, Massachusetts, 1691.
• Salem Village and Salem Town

• Port Royal, Nova Scotia

Session 4

• New England
• Chesapeake
• Carolina
• The Middle Colonies
• slavery and indentured labor
• Royal Colonies:
  • e.g.:Virginia, Carolina (later split in to NC and SC) New York, New Jersey, Georgia
• Puritan Commonwealths:
  • e.g.: Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island
• Oliver Cromwell, Commonwealth until 1660
• Restauration
• Assemblies - governor
• Glorious Revolution
• Mercantilism
• Navigation Acts
• System of subsidy and prohibition
• Seven Year's War
• Ohio Valley
• Albany Congress
• Standing Army of British soldiers
• The proclamation line from 1763
• No taxation without representation
• The Stamp Act 1765
• John Locke
• "Social Contract". A government that violated the natural rights, then, broke its contract with the people. In such cases, people could resist their government, and even rebel against it.
• Power of the purse
• Strategies of Resistance
• Non-Consumption and Non-Importation
• Committees of Correspondence
• Spinning Bees
• Tea Act 1773
• Boston Tea Party - The Intolerable Acts
• First Continental Congress (September 1774)
• Samuel and John Adams, Massachusetts, George Washington, Virginia
• The War of Independence 1775-1783
• Bunker Hill, Mass.; 1000 British soldiers killed
• Thomas Paine Common Sense
• The Declaration of Independence (Second Congress June/July 1776) Collaborators: John Adams, Benjamin Franklin and Jefferson
• Loyalists
• Longfellow “Paul Revere’s Ride"

Session 5

• Martin Luther King: „I Have a Dream“
• Thomas Jefferson
• Abraham Lincoln
• “all men are created equal”
• Monticello, Jefferson’s plantation house
• Abolitionists
• The Quakers
• Free states: Vermont, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut. (New York followed in 1799 and New Jersey in 1804.)
• Miscegenation
• James Madison
• Benjamin Banneker
• Methodists
• Baptists
• Syncretism
• American Constitution
• Continental Congress (first meeting 1975, Philadelphia; D of. I)
• Articles of the Confederation
• The Philadelphia Convention
• Federal power – state power
• Ten Amendments - Bill of Rights
• Louisiana Purchase
• Mexican War – War of American Aggression
• Stonewall Jackson
• Frederick Douglas
• Lincoln: “A house divided shall not stand”
• Fort Sumter
• Gettysburg, PA
• Ulysses Grant
• General Lee

Session 6

• War of Secession (1861-1865)
• Abraham Lincoln
• Iconography
• Heroification
• Helen Keller born 1880 in Alabama
• NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
• McCarthy era
• American ideology of individualism
• Old and traditional Southern cities: Savannah, Charleston (where the Civil War started), Richmond.
• Appalachia
• "Hillbillies"
• Rednecks, Poor White Trash

• In the 1850s, the total population of the country exceeded 23 millions, and of these, 3,2 million were slaves. (14%) In certain slave states, the ratio was much more extreme of course; in South Carolina and in Mississippi, there number of slaves exceeded the number of whites; in Louisiana and in Alabama, they nearly equalled the whites. Also in certain regions, the ratio was even more extreme, so, for example, along the river of the Mississippi, it was 90% slaves and 10% whites, or at the Georgia coast it was 80% Slaves and 20% whites. There were, however, regions in which the slaves made up less that 10%, especially in large parts of the Appalachian Mountains from Maryland to Alabama. They were virtually slavefree. And when we look a t the South as a whole, we can note that only a minority held slaves. The South had – in the 1950s - a population of 6 million whites; of these, about 350,000 were slave owners. About 3,000 families owned the majority of slaves. When we consider that there were 3,2 million slaves in the US at that time, it becomes obvious that some white families owned several thousand slaves who worked in their cotton fields

• Wilmot Proviso
• John Calhoun
• The underground railroad
• Fugitive Slave Act from 1793
• Frederick Douglass
• Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1852
• Republican Party
• Abraham Lincoln: "A House divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. ..it will become all one thing or all the other."
• Election of 1860: Lincoln (Republican) elected
• At first South Carolina then, all the other Deep South States (six: Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas) seceded from the Union in early 1862

• Confederate States of America
• Jefferson Davis as provisional president.
• federal Fort Sumter in the harbour of Charleston, South Carolina
• Robert E. Lee
• Sherman, Union general; "Anaconda"
• Battle of Gettysburg
• Emancipation Proclamation (Lincoln published it on New Year's Day 1863.)
• Reconstruction
• The Freedmen's bureau
• Civil War and its commemoration
• John Neff, historian from the University of Oxford Mississippi
• Memorial Day
• “Lost Cause” myth
• “Cause Victorious” myth

Session 7

• Native Americans
• reinscription
• Jamestown
• Tipis
• Pueblos
• Hopi
• Trail of Tears
• Kahnawake 14, Quebec
• Chief Wahoo / Mascot of the Cleveland Baseball team (Cleveland Indians)
• N. Scott Momaday
• Leslie Marmon Silko

• Native Americans
• Indians
• First Nations (Canada)
• Chayenne: ” people talking a language we do not understand”
• Bering Street
• Northeastern Maize Regions. Groups: e.g. Iroquois, Huron, Mohican, Shawnee
• Southeastern Maize Regions: e.g. Seminole, Natchez, Powhatan
• Prairies and Great Plains cultures
• Sod Lodges
• Groups transformed by arrival of the horse: Blackfoot, Crow, Cheyenne
• Southwest Pueblos
• Tribes: Hopi, Zuni, Acoma; no culture called Pueblo. (Spanish word – village)
• California Indian cultural area: democratic political traditions
• Coastal Cultures: Northwest Cultures (Haida, Chinook)
• Totem poles:Haida seen as the best totem pole carvers
• Inuit groups
• Western Arctic culture region: Alaska; Aleutian Islands, coast of Siberia.
• Also Canada; Nunavut. >only there: nomadic sea hunter living in an iglo.
• Trail of Tears: Five Civilized Tribes – Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw and Seminoles
• Census
• Mohawk of the Kahnawake reserve
• urban Indians
• largest Reservation, in Arizona, a Navaho Reservation
• Indian Land Cessions
• Cayuga chef: League of Nations 1922; recognition of sovereignty refused
• Cuba recognized in 1958 by a couple of tribes
• pan-Indian groups
• Red Power
• American Indian Movement (AIM)
• Takeover of Alcatraz 1969
• symbolic capture of the Mayflower II in Plymouth
• Foxwoods; Connecticut: more profitable than any Las Vegas casino.
• Indian Cultural Revival
• Crevecoeur (Letters from an American farmer)
• Elwell S. Otis: writer of the The Indian Question:
• “The native American lacks moral qualities, goodness, virtues. He is guided by his animal desires, takes little thought except for the present, knows nothing of property and has not any incentive to labor”
• “Reinscription” Process of Reinscription (Edward Said) attempt: to decolorize language

Session 8

• FEDERAL LAW: 4 Force Acts (1870–1875)

• federal authorities may punish obstruction of voter registration and of other rights
• - U.S. President may employ U.S. military to uphold federal law

• STATE LAW: Jim Crow laws - segregation and discrimination

• FEDERAL LAW: U.S. Supreme Court decision of 1896:
• Plessy vs. Ferguson - doctrine of "separate but equal"

• The Twentieth Century:
• 1909, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
• 1911, National Urban League
• desegregation
• 1946: Supreme Court: segregation on public buses is unconstitutional
• 1947: Jackie Robinson (AA), major league baseball player
• 1948: President Truman integrates the Armed Forces

• 1950, Supreme Court: Sweatt v. Painter (also see McLaurin v. Oklahoma)
• 1954: Supreme Court: Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
• - decision overrules Plessy v. Ferguson
• - "Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal"

• 1956, Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas
• Arkansas National Guard
• President Eisenhower
• army paratroopers
• University of Mississippi, “Ole Miss”
• Mississippi Governor Ross R. Barnett (supremacist)
• air force veteran James Meredith
• President John F. Kennedy
• federal marshalls
• Montgomery, Alabama, the "cradle of the Confederacy"
• 1 December 1955, Rosa Parks
• Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
• bus boycott - 380 days
• nonviolence
• Henry David Thoreau, “[[On Civil Disobedience”
• Mahatma Gandhi
• May 1961, "Freedom Riders"
• September 1961: Federal government prohibits use of segregated bus terminals for interstate travel 1963
• Governor George C. Wallace (see PP)
• President Kennedy's television address
• Medgar Evers assassinated by members of Ku Klux Klan in Jackson, Mississippi
• Bob Dylan: Only a Pawn in their Game (1963)

Session 9

• Beat generation
• Muddy Waters
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• Vietnam war
• New Hollywood
• Easy Rider

Session 10

cancelled, text available here

Session 11

• Census of 2002: There are 295 million people living in the United States.
• Ethnic minorities: 13,4 Spanish (expected to increase significantly), 12.9% Afro-American, and 4,2% Asian. The Native Americans 1,5%.
• concept of assimilation
• Nativists;the movement of Anglo-Saxon Racialism
• Madison Grant
• post 1960s interest in multiculturalism moved the arguments away from one central idea of a uniform American culture towards cultural pluralism plural identities
• Southern Italians
• Jewish Immigrants - see also History of the Jews in the United States
• Asian Immigrants
• Situation of the Eastern and Russian Jews deteriorated after the assassination of Czar Alexander II in 1881. Pogroms.
• Henry Roth’s Call it Sleep and Aniza Yezierska’s Bread Givers
• 80% of the new immigrants in the northeastern quadrant of the United States.
• laissez-faire capitalism
• In the late 19th century; beginning of Progressive Movement to reform society and individuals through government action
• Prohibition (1919 – 1933) "the demon rum"
• The Roaring Twenties
• Dos Passos' Manhattan Transfer (one of the early experimental novels that employs literary techniques similar to that of Joyce's Ulysses) or The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald

Reader

From Colonial Times to the Present

• MANDATORY READING J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur. Letters from an American Farmer. From Letter III. “What is an American?” In: P. Lauter: Heath Anthology, 2002. p 905-910.

• MANDATORY READING Francis Scott Key. ”The Star Spangled Banner” The American National Anthem

• MANDATORY READING Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. “Paul Revere's Ride” In: America. Classics that help define the Nation. Random, 1999.

• Abraham Lincoln. “The Gettysburg Address“ (1863) In: (e.g.) Abraham Lincoln Online Site: http://showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lincoln/speeches/gettysburg.htm

• MANDATORY READING Frederick Jackson Turner. “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” (1893) (excerpt) In: Martin Ridge (ed.):Frederick Jackson Turner. Madison, 1993.

• MANDATORY READING The Declaration of Independence In: http://www.duke.edu/eng169s2/group1/lex3/finalpl.htm

• John Perry Barlow. A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace In: http://homes.eff.org/~barlow/Declaration-Final.html

• MANDATORY READING Patrick Henry. “Give me liberty or give me death” (1775). In: http://libertyonline.hypermall.com/henry-liberty.html

Immigration / Ethnic Diversity

• Emma Lazarus. “The New Colossus” (1883) Inscribed on the base of the Statue of Liberty, 1886.

• Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. “E Pluribus Unum?” In: Schlesinger: The Disuniting of America. New York, 1992.

• MANDATORY READING Henry Roth. “Prologue” In: Roth: Call It Sleep. New York, 1934.

• MANDATORY READING Anzia Yezierska. “Hester Street” (excerpt) In Yezierska: Bread Givers. New York, 1925.

African Americans / Civil Rights Movements

• MANDATORY READING Abraham Lincoln. ‘Final Emancipation Proclamation’ (1863) In: Abraham Lincoln: Speeches and Writings 1859 – 1865. New York, 1993.

• MANDATORY READING Martin Luther King Jr. “I have a Dream” SCLC Newsletter I, 12 September 1963.

• MANDATORY READING Malcolm X “The Ballot or the Bullet” and “The Black Man” In: George Breitman (ed.) Malcolm X Speaks. New York, 1963.

• The Civil Rights Act of 1964. In: Site of the U.S. Department of State (http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/laws/majorlaw/civilr19.htm)

Native Americans

• Buffy Saint-Marie. My Country (1971) In: H.H. Hoyrup (ed.) Red Indians: The First Americans. Copenhagen, 1974.

Women’s Rights

• Seneca Falls Convention. “Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions (1884) In: Elizabeth C. Stanton et al. (ed) The History of Woman Suffrage. New York.

• Kate Chopin. “The Story of an Hour” (1894) excerpt. In: Susan Cahill (ed): Women and Fiction: Short Stories by and about Women. NY, 1975.

• Susan B. Anthony. “Are Women Persons?” (1873) In: America. Classics that help define the Nation. Random, 1999.

Religion

• “Introduction” In: Anders Briedlid (ed) American Culture. London, 1998.

Counter Cultures / Popular Music

• Allen Ginsberg. “A Supermarket in California“ In: Paul Lauter (ed.) The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Boston, 2002. p. 2378.
• MANDATORY READING Allen Ginsberg “Howl” s.a. p. 2379.
• MANDATORY READING Allen Ginsberg “America” s.a. p. 2384.
• MANDATORY READING Bob Dylan. “The Times They Are A-Changin'” (1964)
• Bob Dylan. “Things have changed” (1999)
• Bob Dylan. “The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll” (1964) All in: bobdylan.com/songs
• Woody Guthrie. “This Land is Your Land “(1944) In: Pastures of Plenty (Recordings from 1941 – 1947)
• Green Day. “American Idiot” (2005)
• Bruce Springsteen. Interview. In: Rolling Stone Magazine. Nov, 1987.

US America and Beyond

• James Monroe. “The Monroe Doctrine” excerpt (1832) In: Site of the U.S. Department of State

(http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/facts/democrac/50.htm)

• MANDATORY READING George W. Bush (delivered by). “Text of Bush Inaugural Speech” (01/2005) In: Site of the CBS

(http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/01/20/politics/main668129.shtml)