Talk:Watts riots

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Untitled[edit]

This article doesn't make sense, as it lacks a vital piece of information: was Marquette Frye black? Perhaps you all already know, and the events that followed indicate that was the case, but the article doesn't state it at any point. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.86.246.228 (talk) 14:55, 22 June 2009 (UTC)[reply]

does anyone know how the city recognized the anniversary?

Additionally, the Watts Riot did not come to Watts itself until the 3rd consecutive day of rioting(by which time it was in multiple South Central neighborhoods). Though the initial event which sparked it occurred near to Watts, that too was not in Watts itself. Jill Edy argues in "Troubled Pasts: News and the Collective Memory of Social Unrest" that the naming likely had more to do with Watts' reputation as an enclave for lower-class blacks. I would further recommend the McCone Commission's report on the riots. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.8.135.184 (talk) 08:41, 13 April 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Cause of Riot, Etc.[edit]

The information found at http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=19093 needs to be intergrated into this article. As is, it's not very informative.

MSTCrow 21:22, August 12, 2005 (UTC)
Ask these questions:
If helicopters were used by the entertainment journalists to follow the action, how can it be possible?
The answer is scary if it's true.
How did the city commemorate?
Please someone tell me. I think people in the city did. I doubt the city wants to remember. Thank God people here want to. Thank you whoever chose ::to put Hoover's secretary's article in the featured list. Read that and then tell me you don't think this is true. I'll give you more to read if you ::make me, with this silly battle I can already imagine the next round of. Can someone else please chime in on this? I feel like I'm in school again. ::Literally being forced to teach people how to behave, that were being paid (off) to teach me dogma. It so happens that I don't know how to convert ::an investigative journey into an encyclopedia article, but I thought we were all in this together.
Whoever wrote this needs to be clear, concise and understandable. Also needs to sign.
1 23:31, August 13, 2005 (UTC)

I have information as to the cause, that the history books, don't. The cause and the effect, that is[edit]

When someone deletes something added to an article out of good faith, is it not the right thing to do, to post it here, instead of removing it altogether??? I entered an eyewitness account that contradicted the official death toll. Rather than think for a second that maybe there are skeletons in the closet of this country, and not just Latin American dictatorships, the "administrator" that removed my comment, "without a trace," chose to take responsibility for continuing what I was lucky enough to find out through an unlikely series of investigative journalistic events, was in fact an actual cover-up. I was almost content to let those who choose ignorance, have it, but a dream I just woke up from, (it's 3:49 am here now) convinced me that it is too important of a discovery to let lie until I find a more receptive forum. In the dream I was the only witness to some information that implicated the perpetrator of the kidnapping torture and murder of a precocious orphan, and almost allowed the system to miss it. Ironically, I sat down at the keyboard to try again, just now, and saw the headline, http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20050811/ap_en_tv/making_things_up

I can assure you the account I now relate is true. It was reported to me by a conservative ex-californian, who was accepted into an elite unit of the coast guard reserves on the day his draft card arrived, and was thus witness to the following spectacle: "We had been training for the scenario for a year. The black militants in Chicago had been infiltrated before then, and we were being prepared for civil unrest. We were at camp for the onset of the Watts Riot. I was turning off the lights one night--everyone else was asleep already--when I saw a boat streak by in the darkness. It was filled with militants, so I woke everyone up and we set out after it, lights flashing. It headed to the armory, which was our post to guard. We fired our guns into the air, and they landed at a warehouse, got out, and ran into it. Fortunately, the tide was low, so the position of our ship relative to the sea wall kept us out of the line of their fire, because they shot at us from the windows. I radioed for help, and soon there were helicopters with machine guns, which killed at least 8 men who I saw fall from the windows. Because I was the leader, I had to go to the morgue the next day. There were about 400 bodies marked unidentified there. The official death toll was 21 I think." At this point I asked in astonishment, "How do you explain that?" I had spoken to him about other events of the era that he lived through, assassinations for instance, and I could not have been shocked to find out that a "riot" was actually a rebellion, but I was astonished that I was hearing a story that would change the course of history, being told. His answer was simply, "They covered it up!" This was the result of a series of unlikely interviews. I will not reveal my source at this time, but it is someone whom I judged to have absolutely no reason to make this up. Engage me on this, if you can. I have no agenda of my own, but to our children. "A rose-colored story, by any other name, smells just as stink"

The information that you added to the Watts riots article did not disappear "without a trace". It is still there in the article's history, where anyone can look at it (see this link: [1]). And no, I'm not a Wikipedia administrators—I'm just another Wikipedia editor.


FYI: The Wikipedia is an encyclopedia with a series of Policies and guidelines on what goes into an article. One of those rules is that the information must be verifiable, and needs to be from a reliable source. The story that you've told above cannot be verified. Furthermore, I have major doubts about your story because there is no Coast Guard armory or other I.S. military service armory in either the Port of Los Angeles or the Port of Long Beach, nor are there any armories in the LA area that are close to the ocean (even the Seal Beach Naval Weapons station stores their munitions well away from the ocean). Also, where the LA Harbor Coast Guard facilities are there is no beach, so the info about the tide makes no sense. Unless you can come up with some information that I or any other Wikipedia editor can verify, then it doesn't meet the criteria for inclusion in the Wikipedia. BlankVerse ∅ 03:17, 13 August 2005 (UTC)[reply]
I didn't know I had to pass an approval process before I edited. I don't think that's how it's supposed to work. If someone who uses it less than I, made the effort to try, I would do my best to engage rather than dismiss.
My source was as reliable as I can imagine. Whether it is unverifiable is a matter of debate. One which I will win if I choose to have it with you. Obviously that would be at the cost of his anonymity. But that has been already offered up. I guess I haven't told you why I used the word elite, explicitly, so I don't blame you. Clearly the event is verifiable. I admit that I did not verify to the degree of researching the other men in his unit and questioning them, but I know the man well enough to a) want to protect his privacy, and b) know that if any aspect of the story is made-up, it would have to be the horrific detail, because the rest of the story is part of history. I wish I remember if he said the whole unit saw or just he, the leader. I could find out, perhaps, but only if I succeed in being sensitive with the relationship. As it is I'm afraid he will be hunted down for telling me. FYI: The tide comes in and out everywhere, and has the effect of lowering boats up against a wall where there is no beach when it is out. Thank you for the geographical info. He indicated it was "the" armory. That meant not Coast Guard. A branch of military with bigger or more guns than that. This was 40 years ago, so be sure there really was not one then, since you hold others to such a high standard. It so happens there is a debate going on now about removing bases in many states right now. I believe National Guard would have been the ones to have responded in this situation, and probably their armory as well. You tell me. Does that mean the Army wants me dead, or the President himself? If I told you one piece of information I am literally afraid to, you would really see the irony in it. I look forward to getting to the bottom of it without any assassinations of journalists or sources. -still as anonymous as is possible with limited technical know-how, in this day-and-age67.80.3.20 04:20, 13 August 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Nikko Balanon?[edit]

Was the cop's name "Lee Minikus" or "Nikko Balanon"? I find no evidence for the name "Nikko Balanon" anywhere else on the web, apart from other sites posting this same article under a different banner.

N.W.A.[edit]

This reference should be edited out due to the fact this song came two decades after the Watts Riots. The seething tensions that stirred the earlier were involved in the latter but the song is definitely not from 1965 and as such is inappropriate in this article. If there are no objections to this discussion tab I'll edit it out later myself (if somebody else hasn't already). BronzeWarrior 21:15, 7 November 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Seeing no ojbection, I went ahead and removed the N.W.A. reference. BronzeWarrior 07:16, 9 November 2005 (UTC)[reply]

It may have come after it, but if you know anything about the song you would know that its entirely based on the watts riots and it caused an entire new spark and flame, and a new trend in hip hop, its completely relavent because the song is all about the riots and what happend during the riots, pull up the lyrics and read some, you'll see - Afrand6 aka AFRAND X

  • I'm not an expert on N.W.A., but after reading the lyrics thoroughly I don't see anything in there that indicates that the mistreatment the song describes is meant to be taking place in 1965. I understand the song to be making allegations about police activity around the time the song was written (the late 1980s) with no historical references clearly indicated. If I'm missing something, the lyrics are available at the Original Hip-Hop (Rap) Lyrics Archive, so please clarify why you interpret the song to be referencing the Watts riots. --Metropolitan90 06:37, 10 November 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Because the group, N.W.A, discussed it in an interview, so please do more research before you insult me again. This song is one of the most famous rap songs in the world and everyone knows its as a result of the watts riots, remark removed by User:BlankVerse —Preceding unsigned comment added by Afrand6 (talk • contribs)

Please refrain from name-calling. In this case, Afrand6, the burden is upon you to provide some reference or citation to show that the rap lyrics are in regards to the Watts riots. Note also that the Wikipedia article on the song, Fuck Tha Police, makes no mention of any connection to the Watts riots. BlankVerse 14:28, 18 November 2005 (UTC)[reply]

here: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/lapd/race/racerap.html afrand6

There is NOTHING on that page that says that Fuck Tha Police was in response to the Watts riots. It certainly is in response to police brutality in both Watts and Compton, but unless you can find a better source, I that it is more in response to the Daryl Gates-era of LAPD policing, rather than having anything directly to do with the Watts riots. In fact, if you read the lyrics, there is nothing in the song about rioting or looting, etc. BlankVerse 11:04, 28 November 2005 (UTC)[reply]

the watts riots wasn't only looting and rioting remark removed by User:BlankVerse, it was a poweder keg that evolved from police brutality which resulted in looting and rioting, and in that site it uses the song Fuck tha police as a refference to the history of the Watts Riots, they don't just enter in random song lyrics at random times for the hell of it —Preceding unsigned comment added by Afrand6 (talk • contribs)

That page is not just on the Watts Riots. The quote from Fuck Tha Police is between the section on the Watts Riots and discussion of the Daryl Gates-era. I song is about police brutality, which is discussed on that page, but there is nothing that says the song is about the Watts Riots.
On another note, if you continue your insults, you will get banned from the Wikipedia. BlankVerse 17:01, 29 November 2005 (UTC)[reply]

Inconsistencies[edit]

The introductory paragraph indicates the riots lasted six days and did $100 million worth of damage. The description of the riots says the riots lasted five days and did $200 million worth of damage. One of the external references at the bottom estimates damages from $50-$100 million. Could somebody who knows more about this topic try to clean some of this data up? I came to this page solely to learn more, not because I am an expert, and therefore I think I'm somewhat unqualified. I would be very interested to read this article if an expert could add some more concrete information. Thanks! BucInExile 22:15, 12 December 2005 (UTC)[reply]

________________________________ I have a real problem with this article. It states that "one in eight did not have a high school education" as one of the principal reasons why the Watts neightborhood was upset. This census.gov pdf ( http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/education/cps94data/tab-16.pdf ) shows that even in 1994 the figure was far, far higher, even for "whites". Not to downplay the emotional feelings but the facts are conspicuously out of line.

could this be added?[edit]

My grandfather, Joseph Thompson, was the third officer to arrive on scene at the initial arrest, could that somehow be worked into the article?--Acebrock 20:19, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

If you could get a source and make a well-written piece about the events of the arrest, it should be fine. Good luck! 69.115.70.39 (talk) 00:50, 31 March 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Leonard Deadwyler[edit]

Did this event happen in '65? Other sources I found says this happened in '66. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.119.191.219 (talk) 01:51, 12 June 2008 (UTC)[reply]

http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,835704,00.html

http://www.pynchon.pomona.edu/uncollected/watts.html

http://www.biography.com/articles/Johnnie-Cochran-9542444

4.242.174.5 (talk) 19:38, 1 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Unclear paragraph[edit]

From the background section, first paragraph. It mentions one police officer arriving, then the crowd getting violent with police officers, plural. When did more officers arrive, it goes from waiting for the impound to arrive to a group of hundreds.

The riots began on August 11, 1965, in Watts, a neighborhood in Los Angeles, when Lee Minikus, a California Highway Patrol motorcycle officer, pulled over Marquette Frye, who Minikus believed was intoxicated because of his observed erratic driving. Frye failed to pass sobriety tests; including walking in a straight line and touching his nose, and was arrested soon after. Minikus refused to let Frye's brother, Ronald, drive the car home, and radioed for it to be impounded. As events escalated, a crowd of onlookers steadily grew from dozens to hundreds.[1] The mob became violent, throwing rocks and other objects while shouting at the police officers. A struggle ensued shortly resulting in the arrest of Frye, Ronald, and their mother. —Preceding unsigned comment added by KVND (talk • contribs) 09:14, 16 April 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Sections Merged - Day-by-Day & Government Intervention[edit]

I integrated most of the information in the Day-by-Day Timeline and the Government Intervention section into The Riot section. None of the information in the day-by-day was cited and some of it was not very compelling (i.e. "rioting continued"). The information in the Government Intervention section was also not cited and it was very very specific about the national guard. I found the 50-page report that is probably the source of that information and I put it as one of the references in The Riot section so those that are interested in reading about the national guard involvement can do so. Please let me know if you think that was a horrible idea. Thanks!Rachel librarian (talk) 00:37, 4 January 2012 (UTC)[reply]

In the second paragraph, fourth sentence it states the following:

Backup police officers arrived and attempted to arrest Frye by using physical force to subdue him.

It isn't clear if the police are trying to subdue Marquette Frye or Ronald Frye.

I am assuming it is Marquette Frye.

Jroehl (talk) 17:06, 24 May 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Capitalize Black, but not white.[edit]

This is a clear example of your liberal bias. With all the editing going on here, no one sees a problem with this? Do we do this so one group can feel good about themselves? So when people say Wikipedia lacks credibility, this is but one example. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.251.40.254 (talk) 14:48, 25 September 2012 (UTC)[reply]

The article was using a mix of upper and lower-case for "black", with mostly lower case. I've lowercased it throughout, and reverted your upper-casing of "white". --McGeddon (talk) 15:15, 25 September 2012 (UTC)[reply]
It's up in the air. Article and article about why some writers capitalize Black and not white. I'm not sure that being sensitive about how groups describe themselves is an example of "liberal bias" or a lack of credibility. If you contemplate the parallel to Wikipedia's policy on biographies of living individuals, you might conclude that we are not careful enough about how we refer to whole groups. If Wikipedia were created 50 years ago we would be using the word "Negroes" (capitalized) instead of "Blacks" or "blacks"—yet we'd be using a lowercase "white" to describe European-Americans (if we were sufficiently conscious to mark their race at all.) The APA style guide suggests capitalizing Black and White when they are used as proper nouns, but not when they are used as adjectives; the CMS says capitalize when they're 'headings in a list'. The AP uses lowercase for both. Wikipedia has no centralized policy—here's a previous discussion at WP:MOS Black (people) uses mostly lower-case "black"—except in the United States, where "Black" is often capitalized. I have to say, thinking about the contents of this article, that capitalizing "White" (as well as "Black") makes sense to me—we're talking about a group that has group identity and acts as such, even if this identity is not often discussed. I think we should have a centralized discussion of the issue, but until then I'd beware systematic interventions to modify the capitalization. Peace, groupuscule (talk) 08:27, 12 October 2012 (UTC)[reply]
==============[edit]

This Watt's article is yet another example of wiki bias against the white population. Note how the Tulsa riot (1921) and the Rosewood riots (1923) are labeled "racially motivated" on wiki. Not one - NOT ONE- of the more than 200 racial attacks/riots by blacks on innocent white people and their businesses between 1964 and 1969 (including the racially motivated LA riot in 1991), is described as "racially motivated" on wiki. I wonder why? For any reader of American history covering this time, all of these riots initiated by blacks were in fact racially motivated. It was black racism and hateful violence perpetrated against completely innocent people. Result of all that hateful violence? White flight.

Oppression: Blacks were not an oppressed people prior to forced integration (1964). True, generally speaking blacks did not have integration rights into the white community (pre 1964). However, there was no Constitutional right to racial integration prior to 1964, nor were any laws created by Acts of Congress which required it (hence , the necessity to create compulsory integration with the Civil Rights Act 1964). I wonder why that isn't mentioned on wiki? Plessy vs. Ferguson was still the law of the land prior to 1964. Further, no people in human history had EVER granted another people across-the-board integration rights into "their" created political and economic arenas. So not only was there no US Constitutional right to racial integration ... but there was also no precedent for it in human history. Blacks, being a distinct people, were suppose to be separate and self-reliant. This was the mind-set of white people at that time, and throughout America's history. The logical reasoning behind blacks being separate and self-reliant (Booker T. Washington's agenda), was to encourage blacks to develop their own communities, culture and living arrangements, and thereby achieve a sense of self-importance and empowerment over the lives of their people. Blacks were in fact free to build their own towns, cities, industries, or colonize a place in the vast expanse of America's unsettled lands. Blacks, on own their volition, marched for - DEMANDED- what no people had ever marched for: integration into another people's living arrangements. Finally, no people being as oppressed as many people claim blacks were prior to 1964, would demand integration INTO all that brutal oppression (think about THAT). Instead, they would seek autonomy and self-determination. Blacks were not an oppressed people!

Regarding Watts: There is not one shred of evidence - on wiki, on the internet, in any documentary - of police brutality toward blacks in Watts, or in any of the other two predominantly black communities at that time (Central Avenue & West Adams being the other two). When black leaders met with the police representatives after the first night of rioting, there was no mention whatsoever of police brutality. Further, LAPD at that time used its black police officers to patrol the three black communities. Why isn't THAT mentioned in the wiki article?

Regarding Housing: Black males, unlike white males , Japanese & Chinese, simply did NOT build their own urban housing. White males did try to address the housing problem in LA for blacks, that was being caused by rapid black migration (from the South) in the 1950s. Almost one-third (over 9000) of blacks were living in rather new federal government provided housing projects that were only about 12 years old. And these housing units were not the imposing tower complexes common in other large urban centers, but were instead designed to be inconspicuous two-story structures i.e. Watts, with many palm tree-lined streets, was no ghetto. It was NOT White people's fault that blacks would not build housing!

Quote From Article (Police Discrimination): "Not only were the city's black and Latino residents excluded from the high-paying jobs, affordable housing, and politics available to whites"

This quote is biased as well as woefully inaccurate. As I already stated, there were NO compulsory integration laws prior 1964. It needs to be stated that the entire social stratification system in LA was created - in toto - by ONE male group (white Christian males). They created the tax base! Again, not only were there no laws to force integration into another people's social stratification system, it had never happened not only in the history of America, but in all of human history. Needless to say, blacks never once practiced diversity anywhere in America where they had the economic advantage (e.g. Pullman Porters- 95% black; Red Cap workers--85% black; Negro colleges --98% employees in 1955 were black). BTW, Latinos were less than 1% of LA's population in 1960. How and why did they get inserted into the Watts' discussion?

Also, blacks did not equal 750,000 of LA's population in 1970. In 1965, it was approx. 350,000. In 1970, it would have been apprx. 390,000 (at most).

Wiki continues to be used as a racially inflammatory site for those who want to incite blacks against whites; and/ or to make white males the scape goat for the ills that afflicted the black race at this time. [Steven] — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.105.102.175 (talk) 01:21, 22 December 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Suggest watching the TV series "Mad Men" to get a sense of the social position of white males in 1965. In the 21st century, now that other races and genders have joined white males in participating in public life, the situation of Watts in 1965 makes for an interesting challenge in historiography. Do you want to present this event from the perspective of the way it was viewed at the time, or from the perspective of today? There will no doubt be an ongoing discussion on this talk page.
One point on which we all agree: it is not the encyclopedia's role to provoke further civil disturbances, but rather to strive for a calm and factual description that contributes to public understanding of historical and current events. --Djembayz (talk) 13:57, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Unsourced passage[edit]

I'm moving the following passage from the article; it refers to a neighboring community, and may be the product of original research. Please restore that which can be supported by reliable sources. JNW (talk) 02:09, 21 September 2013 (UTC)[reply]

A forgotten factor about the riots is the housing aftermath. Few cities in Los Angeles County wanted anything to do with the refugee population of the events in 1965. One of the few cities that did was Pomona, CA. This is the farthest eastern portion of the county before reaching cities in San Bernardino County. The city of Pomona had a housing surplus during that year, so an invitation was made. Predictably, due to the large influx of African Americans and Mexican Americans, the local majority White population participated in "White Flight" and migrated to the more affluent cities nearby, seeking safety for their families and property. The existing local "minority" population began to feud with the newcomers, which led to "black on black" and "brown on brown" violence. Decades of gang development and increasing homicides cause the city to have one the highest murder rates in the county during those years. The city of Pomona is now majority non-White and has never truly recovered from the aftermath of the Watts Riots.

De-facto segregation[edit]

This was marked as unsourced in the article. I have first-hand knowledge but no sources. If my parents were still alive I would have sources. We moved from South Central Los Angeles in 1957 to Inglewood. Inglewood was a "whites only" suburb of Los Angeles. I also worked in the phone company office that served parts of Watts during the riots. Here is what I know. My dad volunteered as a Reserve Police Office in Inglewood as well as his "day job" where he had to drive from Inglewood to a 99% black area north of Watts. My mother sold real estate in Inglewood.

Along the Los Angeles-Inglewood border (Morningside Park part of Inglewood) there were signs along residential streets that no black (it probably said negro -- it's been a long time) were allowed on the streets after dark. The reason was that many people in the area had (black) maids and such and it was to say they needed to go home rather than live-in. I asked my dad and we looked this up. It was actually on the books as a traffic ordinance (because black people would be a traffic hazard).

On the north border between Inglewood and Los Angeles one street (as I remember, 64th street) was the dividing line. There were black people living on the LA side but not the Inglewood side. My mother had been told that she could not show houses to black people in Inglewood as "they were not allowed".

I don't have any sources but it would seem likely that someone would have a photo of one of the "traffic ordinance" signs. Nicafyl (talk) 14:25, 18 November 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Roots of black gangs, and cultural references[edit]

At the end of the "Racial segregation" section, it stated "The black mutual protection clubs that formed in response to these assaults became the basis of the region's fearsome street gangs." I have read that predictable allegation before and it is totally at odds with in-depth histories of black street gangs in Los Angeles. The same allegation has been made about Mexican street gangs in Los Angeles and, again, fails scrutiny. It's unsourced, and if someone finds a link where some professor states that it's true, I'm sorry; that's not enough. There is NO credible evidence that the above quote is true. The passage before that also described whites running around "firebombing", assaulting and harassing blacks which is un-sourced as well, although I'm sure someone will dig up a reference somewhere.

As to this, "The Joseph Wambaugh novel The New Centurions culminates in the Watts Riot and examines the negative impact of racist police in minority communities in the years preceding it.", I've read the book several times and it does NOT "examine the negative impact of racist police...". If anything, it does almost the opposite. The riots are shown as a breakdown of society, where black citizens are incited by radicals. The police are clearly portrayed in a sympathetic light, trying to uphold the law in a changing society. There's absolutely nothing about the "impact of racist police".

Requested moves[edit]

The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: withdrawn, different issues pertain to different pages in the multimove request; closing without prejudice against reopening move requests individually or in small groups as described below. Editors who contributed to this discussion should be pinged to alert them to any subsequent discussions. (Editors taking issue with the underlying guideline are invited to initiate discussion on the talk page of the guideline.) Dekimasuよ! 21:00, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]


– These descriptive titles of events generally do not get treated by sources as proper names, so per MOS:CAPS we should use lowercase. Dicklyon (talk) 04:49, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Note: this discussion was listed at Template:Centralized discussion to allow a broader spectrum of editors to contribute RGloucester — ☎ 18:29, 10 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Strong oppose – Where is this "clear evidence"? I see none. These are historical events with proper names. There is no justification for decapitalisation in MOSCAPS or elsewhere. The fellow above appears to enjoy looking at stylistically sloppy articles that have no semblance of coherence. These are not WP:NDESC titles, but instead, are common historical names for a given event. That's the definition of a proper name. Mr Lyon, as I presume that's this fellow's name, has just engaged in a mass decapitalisation campaign with no basis in sources or in policy or guidelines. He has done this unilaterally, and I've reverted him. He should be well aware that the last time someone tried this, all the moves were reverted. This was only a month or so ago. Instead of attempting to gain consensus for this failure of a change, he made a mess of many articles. That's why God has sent me here, to protect these articles from the ugly candour of minuscule letters. RGloucester — ☎ 04:39, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
The general consensus for applying MOS:CAPS to these sorts of events can be seen at recent multi-move discussions such as: Talk:Villatina massacre#Requested moves, Talk:Rock Springs massacre#Requested moves, Talk:Potato riots#Requested moves. Dicklyon (talk) 04:57, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
That's not a general consensus of any sort. Please hush up, and let someone other than yourself or myself speak. RGloucester — ☎ 04:58, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Support—usage stats gathered properly, and WP's house style. Tony (talk) 05:08, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Oppose. I see at least two dozen different requests listed here, including several added only after the discussion began. [2]. As RGloucester noted, no evidence of any kind has been presented. These requests should be done separately, or through something else besides a multi-move request. -- Calidum 05:13, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
"Added after the discussion began" doesn't quite tell the story, as RGloucester was continuing to revert moves as I was trying to finish the list; it all took just a few minutes and did not add anything that he wasn't already aware of. They are all essentially equivalent, and equivalent to the three prior multi-move discussions that I linked, in the fundamental question of how to apply the guideline of MOS:CAPS. I'll be happy to supply evidence on more than the first 5 listed if someone challenges them on the basis of usage stats; so far that has not been challenged. RGloucester's entire case is based on his contempt for the WP:MOS and his preference for his own style, as he has so clearly expressed at Talk:Chicago Race Riot of 1919#Requested move 2. Dicklyon (talk) 05:19, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Are we going to see more cherry-picking? Yes, I was "continuing" to revert unilateral moves that had no consensus. "Continuing" to do something that should've been done, because you knew there was no consensus when we last had this discussion in October at WP:RM/TR. To be clear, MOS:CAPS does not support decapitalising the majority of these articles. That's your interpretation, and it is wrong. RGloucester — ☎ 05:25, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
I don't know what October discussion you refer to. Dicklyon (talk) 05:36, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Observation. Believe it or not I'm neutral on the general MOS guideline as it is being applied to historical events, although I personally prefer the names we are accustomed to seeing in print. My primary objection is that the discussion of this sort of change before making wholesale moves has not been transparent and inclusive of the community. Very few are aware of this initiative until they see a page they were following suddenly move and change without adequate explanation and with no discussion. This is bold to the point of recklessness and looks like steamrolling isolated pockets of good faith disagreement, even if that is not the intent. It is the appearance of tactics that is problematic. I have suggested, and will continue to suggest that the explanation for changing historical event names be spelled out in the MOS. Because when experienced editors go there (the MOS), the explanation for historical event name changes is absent, so they naturally are inclined to revert. Red Harvest (talk) 06:47, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
The multi-move discussions I linked were advertised at WP:RM and at each relevant article talk page for a week or more. How much more inclusive do you need to affirm that events are not exceptions to MOS:CAPS? Dicklyon (talk) 07:03, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Well for starters, you might want to begin by updating MOS:CAPS so that it actually addresses historical events. That way when you put it in an edit summary or discussion, half the question is already answered. And it wouldn't hurt to include the sourcing part as well as the criteria that says if usage is mixed, default to MOS:CAPS rather than what is most used--which effectively means no exceptions...well...except for a few where the expected outcry/backlash is not deemed worth the effort as in Boston Massacre. I could be mistaken, because I've avoided the behind-the-scenes of Wikipedia sausage-making as much as possible until getting drawn into it recently, but discussions/move requests of individual pages that are only noticed by a specialist like yourself and the editors following the individual topics don't constitute community consensus for broad acceptance of a policy. It is inherently a non-representative mismatch: an example of taking one side's key proponents, and having them debate a couple of random people on the street, then declaring the result a broad ranging victory. (That doesn't mean their argument was right or wrong.)
If the issue is not addressed clearly in MOS:CAPS, then I am inclined to oppose the whole list because of poor documentation of the guideline and questionable tactics for its implementation. Red Harvest (talk) 08:38, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Strong oppose. As a person who experienced driving through the areas impacted by the Hough Riots and the 1968 Chicago Riots, and possibly one of the few people in this discussion who has been to Watts, let me give a piece of input. American schoolchildren of that time period were told that it was "more respectful to capitalize proper nouns-- if in doubt, capitalize to show respect!" The decision not to capitalize will be viewed by many people raised in that time period as a political statement indicating that you have little sympathy for oppressed persons or their grievances. From personal experience, I can state that the decision not to capitalize the Hough Riots would most certainly have been reversed with red ink by Cleveland area high school teachers at the time.
Also please note that the Library of Congress Subject Heading, which may be considered an authoritative US source, has capitals: Watts Riot, Los Angeles, Calif., 1965 -- Djembayz (talk) 13:20, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Strong oppose Named events are capitalized. The titles are named events; they aren't descriptive. Battles are a good example of this and are somewhat related to the RMs here. Furthermore, the significant majority (even if not all) sources use capital letters, so WP:COMMONNAME applies and it trumps any local consensus. With regards to the Sugarloaf Massacre, I have an offline source that is the source for the vast majority of the article and uses capitalization on every page where the massacre is mentioned by name. --Jakob (talk) 17:15, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Strong oppose. The originator of this proposed change, per his/her own words, relies on MOS:CAPS. However this section is clear when it discusses military terms. It states:
Accepted full names of wars, battles, revolts, revolutions, rebellions, mutinies, skirmishes, risings, campaigns, fronts, raids, actions, operations and so forth are capitalized (Spanish Civil War, Battle of Leipzig, Boxer Rebellion, Action of July 8, 1716, Western Front, Operation Sea Lion). The generic terms (war, revolution, battle) take the lowercase form when standing alone (France went to war; The battle began; The raid succeeded).
At a minimum all of the listed articles relating to military "operations and so forth" (and those relating to massacres do fall into that category) should be eliminated. More important, the originator seems to be ignoring the lead of Wikipedia:Article titles which states:
Generally, article titles are based on what the subject is called in reliable sources. When this offers multiple possibilities, editors choose among them by considering several principles: the ideal article title resembles titles for similar articles, precisely identifies the subject, and is short, natural, and recognizable.
We definitely have "multiple possibilities" for most of these articles. All meet the second and third criteria so the only obstacle is do the titles resemble "titles for similar articles". A quick glance through List of riots and List of massacres in the United States show a serious inconsistency. My conclusion is that this entire proposal is inappropriate, as is even an article by article proposal. Policy changes are needed. What should wikipedia policy be regarding capitalization when words such as "massacre" and "riot" commonly follow a properly capitalized name? Tom (North Shoreman) (talk) 17:24, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
The section you link starts The general rule is that wherever a military term is an accepted proper name, as indicated by consistent capitalization in sources, it should be capitalized. I don't think that relying on "and so forth" to capitalize things that are not capitalized in sources is the intended interpretation there. Dicklyon (talk) 18:41, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
The section starts with the phrase you quote, but then provides a series of bullets that clarify different types of military terms. You misstate the actual circumstances when you claim that these names "are not capitalized in sources". In fact, sources list it both ways -- it is up to consensus when there are conflicting options to decide the appropriate title. Consensus discussions should take into consideration the weight to be given to specific sources -- all of your arguments are based on a simple count that mixes reliable and non-reliable (by wikipedia standards) sources. You also ignore the subsection of the guideline which states, "Proper names of specific places, persons, terms, etc. are capitalized in accordance with standard usage." The Lawrence Massacre, for example is a very specific event and, as such, should be capitalized per "standard usage" -- the guideline does not say "standard wikipedia usage". Tom (North Shoreman) (talk) 13:17, 10 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
North Shoreman, the starting-point is indeed your opening statement: "We definitely have 'multiple possibilities' for most of these articles." Exactly—the whole point is that there is no standard usage. That is why we have style guidelines in WP.

You write that Dick's post just above "also ignore[s] the subsection of the guideline which states, 'Proper names of specific places, persons, terms, etc. are capitalized in accordance with standard usage'." I don't believe it ignores this at all. The question is whether they count as proper names; I suspect Dick would say that if they do count thus, they should be capped. I'd be with him on that. So what definition are you using to sort out whether a word string is a proper name? I've put this question to RGloucester at least once, but he avoids answering it. Yet this is critical.

NS, you write, too: "The Lawrence Massacre, for example is a very specific event and, as such, should be capitalized per 'standard usage' – the guideline does not say 'standard wikipedia usage'." Then what do you say to this ngram?note that a signficant proportion of the capped results there would be titles using title case. Tony (talk) 14:23, 10 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Earlier today I posted my definition of proper names at Talk:Pottawatomie Massacre. I said, "The title of this article has all of the characteristics of a proper name -- it refers to a specific event at a specific time in a specific place. What else do you need?" I've tried to find a really good definition via Google and online dictionaries, but everything I found seems to equate it with proper nouns. I think the most informative article I ran across was a wikipedia article. This article recognizes the problem we're discussing, but doesn't present a solution. It states, "It is often indeterminate both whether an item qualifies as a proper name and whether it should be capitalized: "the Cuban missile crisis" is often capitalized ("the Cuban Missile Crisis") and often not, regardless of its syntactic status or its function in discourse. Most style guides give decisive recommendations on capitalization; but not all of them dwell on the indeterminate matter of proper names."
Our problem is that the wikipedia guidelines, on this subject, fall into the indeterminate category. Dicklyon rests all of his arguments on this phrase from the guideline lead, "Words and phrases that are consistently capitalized in sources are treated as proper names and capitalized in Wikipedia." The problem is that the guideline doesn't say what to do when the treatment is inconsistent. Note that "consistently" implies a much higher standard than even "majority". Lacking a clear unambiguous guideline and a difficult to establish measure, we are left with consensus in all situations lacking "consistency".
Ngrams are nice, but they're only a starting point. You want to eliminate capitalization examples in titles. Why? We're trying to reflect in wikipedia what the public will see if they research the issue and the public sees these titles. It's fine that wikipedia wants to put titles in sentence form, but the reality is that much of the rest of the world does it a different way. Dicklyon wants to eliminate eBooks. Neither of you has suggested that we eliminate books that don't qualify under wikipedia reliable source guidelines. Sure, this would be a lot of work for people who only want to spend a few minutes (if that long) in drive by editing of an article that they know little about, but folks who regularly edit in a subject field do recognize what the most reliable sources are.
I might like to eliminate circumstances (using Lawrence again as an example) when the author is clearly writing using period language based on primary sources. For example, an author might write, "Newspapers across the North were outraged by the Lawrence massacre." These newspaper articles were written well before the Lawrence Massacre became one of the more significant events of the Civil War and it would be misleading to suggest that it was a named event immediately after it happened. If this sentence is captured by an Ngram from a 2012 publication it is wrong to say this reflects 2012 usage when it actually reflects the language of 150 years ago.
The authors of reliable sources use whatever guidelines have been established by the schools they attended, the schools where they teach, or their publishers. By trying to find order in this pattern, we are creating a system that will guarantee inconsistency. If we want to capitalize or not capitalize words like riot and massacre that become part of proper names, then let's gain consensus and change the guideline. We don't base the style of our titles on reliable sources -- this is just about style, not substance, and we can do the same thing here. Tom (North Shoreman) (talk) 18:18, 10 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Thanks for your thoughtful comment. The guideline DOES tell us what to do when capitalization is inconsistent: avoid unnecessary capitalization. "...a specific event at a specific time in a specific place" is a necessary but insufficient definition of proper name. A thing can be very specific yet not have a proper name. "What else do you need?" General acceptance of the capitalized usage. On WP we need to be comfortable writing articles about things that don't have proper names. I share your discomfort with over-reliance on n-grams. Hugh (talk) 18:17, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
"this is just about style, not substance" I think there is a substantial content component to this issue. We do not expect our readers to keep our house style in their heads, so a naive reader seeing a capitalized article title is going to think, "Here is an article about a thing, and that thing is specific, and it even has a generally accepted proper name." And the reader might well capitalize in their own, off-WP writing, and be surprised to be corrected. In other words, when we capitalize, we are making the substantial claim that a thing has a proper name. The guideline asks us to try to avoid giving names to things that do not already have names. Hugh (talk) 18:41, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Why not stick to the ones that are proposed for moving? Mountain Meadows massacre looks like it has been lowercase since 2005, without dispute; the phrase seems to appear only in one book by that title; hardly evidence for proper name status unless the article is about the book. And "Penn's Creek massacre" is lowercase in about as many books as it is uppercase; you can explore and count via the link before (be sure exclude the wikimirrors, and look for uses in sentences, not quotes of title of others). Dicklyon (talk) 18:41, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Comment. There is a relevant ongoing discussion taking place at Talk:Chicago Race Riot of 1919. Dekimasuよ! 21:01, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Oppose I'm not swayed by the support argument. Capitalization makes more sense for Wikipedia. Chris Troutman (talk) 23:35, 9 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Oppose for massacres. I'm neutral on the rest, but we rarely use that word massacre (in a non-figurative sense) unless it's in a proper noun. Red Slash 00:04, 10 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Comment As the primary author of Seattle Mardis Gras Riots, I don't feel strongly either way. My brain sees it as a event to be capitalized but a quick review of the sources doesn't back that up. I also think the plural needs to be dropped. I can make that change after this closes out.Cptnono (talk) 02:20, 10 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Oppose - Far too many things being proposed for change here; not seeing how this change necessarily reflects MOS or COMMONNAME. Indeed, from what I can see, this proposal may well fail the latter; looking for Lager Beer Riot (as a random example) finds plenty of sources using that capitalization, and pretty much none use the lower case form. Whilst some of these may have a valid case for a rename, I don't see how you can argue that they all do. Lukeno94 (tell Luke off here) 08:31, 10 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
I agree that Lager Beer Riot has the weakest case, and I plan to omit it when working these separately. It's probably above 80% caps in sources, and more like a named rather than descriptive title. Dicklyon (talk) 22:58, 11 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Oppose mass move... but I support examining these further on a case by case basis. Whether words like "massacre" or "riot" are considered part of a proper name for the event (or not) is not something we can determine en masse, in the abstract... sometimes they are, and sometimes they are not. It depends on the event and how the sources refer to them. If the sources capitalize, then we know the word is part of the proper name for that specific event (as is the case in Boston Massacre)... but if the sources do not capitalize, then we know it isn't. Blueboar (talk) 14:21, 11 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Support—Where sources don't capitalize, we generally don't either. Let's move these and rewrite prose to be consistent and professional-looking. ErikHaugen (talk | contribs) 18:36, 11 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Strong oppose mass move. The way forward is case-by-case consideration, including citing objective evidence from sources, with particular attention to each article's own reliable sources. Yeah, It's a lot of work. Hugh (talk) 16:57, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Data that supports the claim that these are proper names[edit]

Super-majority upper case per n-grams

Data that directly refutes the claim that these are somehow proper names[edit]

Majority lowercase per n-grams
50/50 or needing a closer look, but nowhere near consistently capitalized in books
  • Shelton Laurel Massacre – most of the caps hits are citations to titles "The Shelton Laurel Massacre", "Shelton Laurel Massacre", and "The Shelton Laurel Massacre: Murder in the North Carolina Mountains", while most uses in text are lowercase
  • Lawrence Massacre – Most capitalized uses are page headings and citations to "The Lawrence Massacre" and similar works. Most uses in text are lowercase, as can be seen by clicking through to book listings.
  • Detroit Race Riot – most capitalized occurrences are book and paper titles; most uses in sentences are lowercase
Not enough hits in books to appear in n-grams, so look at book hits; none show evidence of "consistently capitalized in sources"

Further evidence of downcasing in the lit[edit]

Thank you, Dick. I get this result, too, for <the watts riot> in ngram. It is indefensible to argue that WP should surrender its house-style and go with minority usage in this case. Tony (talk) 00:48, 10 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

The "house-style" favours capitalisation when it is necessary. It is necessary here for a variety of reasons. What you've provided isn't evidence at all, as many of those usages may be descriptive, rather than referring to this particular event. Britannica capitalises the Watts Riots. Per WP:UCN, "Other encyclopedias are among the sources that may be helpful in deciding what titles are in an encyclopedic register, as well as what names are most frequently used". We must write in the encyclopaedic register. Britannica uses capitalisation, and so should we. We're not writing a rag paper. RGloucester — ☎ 00:54, 10 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Here is a more precise ngram, with lowercase "the" at the start, to more thoroughly weed out title-case titles. The evidence it shows is overwhelming. RG is now suggesting that "the watts riots" might contain a significant proportion of other Watts riots. Like which ones? This is clutching at straws.

No admin could sanely close this as a do-nothing RM given that the opposers offer no credible logic or evidence against the move. And Gloucester is now twisting MOSCAPS around to favour his agenda ... so that don't unnecessarily capitalise becomes capitalise when necessary. And he hasn't shown why it's necessary, aside from a series of "I am right, you are wrong" arguments above. Tony (talk) 06:52, 10 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

The guideline says "avoids unnecessary capitalisation". That means that capitalisation is required when it is necessary. Per WP:UCN, as I cited above, we're writing in the encyclopaedic register. Britannica capitalises it, demonstrating that the capitalisation is more suitable to that register. Therefore, capitalisation is necessary to maintain our stature as an encylopaedia, and to coincide with sources that are referring to these particular events. RGloucester — ☎ 07:26, 10 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Tony, as it stands, no sane admin would close this in favour of the move, because there isn't anything remotely approaching a consensus. Quite frankly, I'm shocked you'd even attempt to make that statement. Lukeno94 (tell Luke off here) 08:33, 10 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Luke, the first thing to say in response is that an RM is not a numbers game. It depends on what the participants are saying. This is why a closer is required, rather than an automatic vote-counting machine. Tony (talk) 14:03, 10 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Correct, it isn't just a numbers game. However, there are two people in support, and almost everyone else who has !voted has voted no; and your dismissive comment of "the opposers offer no credible logic or evidence against the move" is utterly inaccurate and unhelpful. The fact that only one person so far has explicitly taken the same viewpoint as you should indicate that we who opposed may actually have a point, right? This discussion isn't filled with brand-new accounts either. Lukeno94 (tell Luke off here) 14:18, 10 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Well that's like saying it's not a numbers game, but then again, it is. Tony (talk) 14:23, 10 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
I hope you realise that interpretation of MOSCAPS is determined through consensus of editors at pages up for discussion. The only reason you succeeded in some of the moves you've mentioned is because they were little-watched pages with few contributors to the discussion. Per agreement with the initiator of this request, this RM was broadly advertised. Now we have a larger swath of the Wikipedia community participating, and it is clear that the decapitalisation cabal is not representative of mainstream interpretation of the MOS. RGloucester — ☎ 18:33, 10 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • No, Tony, it isn't saying that. What it is saying is that consensus is that the existing setup does comply with the guidelines, and that your claim of "the opposers offer no credible logic or evidence against the move" is clearly bogus. IF that were the case, then there would be far more supporters. Lukeno94 (tell Luke off here) 20:02, 11 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Oppose decapitalizing proper names in article titles. Individual RMs making the case that they aren't proper names could succeed in some cases (Carnation?). --SarekOfVulcan (talk) 14:46, 11 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
I too would support decapitalising the "Carnation massacre". I think it is best that we decide here what articles are clearly at descriptive titles. That's one of them. RGloucester — ☎ 16:08, 11 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
My personal analysis has found that the following articles are at descriptive titles, and should be decapitalised: Carnation Massacre, Seattle Mardi Gras Riots, and Keddie Murders. These are clearly descriptive titles that should not be capitalised, and which do not have capitalisation used frequently in sources. RGloucester — ☎ 16:11, 11 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Proposal to split[edit]

Based on the feedback, it's clear that we are not going to get a consensus to move all these, but that if we split into individual article discussions or smaller clusters of similar cases, we might be able to resolve the issues. I am willing to do that, though maybe not all at once or right away, as it takes a lot of work. I'm open to suggestions about whether one-at-a-time or groups would be best.

It's also clear that some of the opposers will oppose moving even the ones that are overwhelmingly lowercase in sources, like Watts riots. I'm not sure what we're supposed to do in the face of opposition that runs so counter to our normal guidelines and precedents. We got around the problem most recently at Chicago race riot of 1919, which I urge people to review (Talk:Chicago race riot of 1919#Requested move 2), but we can't count on always having such a sensible closer.

If RGloucester had reverted my maintenance moves only on the ones for which sources are not clear, we'd have a lot less work to do at this point. If some of the above opposers would be so kind as to list which ones they'd be willing to support moving based on the clear evidence presented, we might be able to put those behind us and save us all a lot of work going forward. Dicklyon (talk) 22:54, 11 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

  • I'd agree strongly with going through the individual cases separately. That's one of the biggest issues of all with this; they simply aren't consistently all shown one way or another in sources. I don't think putting a rudimentary list of which ones need changing and which aren't here is much good; the WP:BURDEN is on you, as you're the one proposing the change, to evaluate which ones actually should be moved. Also, I don't think you have any right to criticize RGloucester for reverting a WP:BOLD series of moves, and your belittling of some of those who support the status-quo and what they believe is the correct form of the MOS isn't helpful either. Lukeno94 (tell Luke off here) 23:01, 11 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
You are not supposed to "get around" consensus. The only reason you managed to move the Chicago article was because there was such little participation that the debate had to be re-listed. Nothing here runs counter to our guidelines, other than your WP:BULLDOZERING through of mass decapitalisation across tons of articles. None of your moves were "maintenance". They were broad changes against consensus and against MOSCAPS and UCN. Please do not claim to have any kind of legitimate backing in policy. You don't.
I oppose splitting up this move across many pages where broad participation will not be possible, leading to a large amount of small changes over time that decapitalises our articles against the broad consensus found in our guidelines. You've already used that tactic on multiple other articles, having "discussions" so poorly advertised that they needed to be re-listed more than once. It is absurd that such a discussion can determine anything about what titles our articles should or should be at. What should be done is to ask participants to say what articles they think have a case for decapitalisation. I've already mentioned the ones I feel should be decapitalised. We can go from there, forming a consensus at a centralised discussion with broad participation.
By the way, "Watts Riots" is not overwhelming lowercase. You've not demonstrated as such. Please don't lie. RGloucester — ☎ 23:05, 11 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
OK, I lied: Tony showed the singular Watts riot. Here's the plural. Same result. It's singular about half the time; we can separately discuss whether to change that. Please summarize which ones you're OK with and we can see if others agree. Dicklyon (talk) 23:22, 11 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Please see above. I listed them already. RGloucester — ☎ 23:31, 11 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

OK, RGloucester says that Carnation Massacre, Seattle Mardi Gras Riots, and Keddie Murders are descriptive names not normally capitalized in sources. Can we go ahead and move those on closing, cutting 10% off the no-consensus list at least? Any objections (besides Red Slash, who has a novel theory about the word massacre)? Dicklyon (talk) 23:58, 11 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

If it is determined that Seattle Mardi Gras Riots should be moved I would love to drop the plural at that time. Also will the first line of the lead need to be rewritten or can it still be "The Seattle Mardi Gras riot"?Cptnono (talk) 01:24, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Google books finds the plural in 23 books, and the singular in only 2, so you might have an uphill battle on that one. It's off-topic enough here that I don't want to get into it, but you can take it up later. Dicklyon (talk) 02:09, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Weird. There used to be a really fun term for that. Something about Wikipedia influencing "sources". I can all but guarantee you there aren't 23 books discussing the topic but would love to see them if you got 'em. Feel free to throw them on my my talk page since it would be fun to get it to GA.Cptnono (talk) 10:14, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Add in Airport Homes Race Riots, which isn't a proper name because of the addition of "Race" for description, making it a constructed title. Also, Villisca Axe Murders, which is descriptive, rather than a name for a specific event. RGloucester — ☎ 00:14, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
If you want to go ahead and revert your moves of those, I can strike them from this proposal to simplify things. Dicklyon (talk) 01:07, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Please feel free to move them yourself. I shan't object. RGloucester — ☎ 01:09, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
As proposer of the open RM I would not dare; you might be able to get away with it as a self-revert (assuming nobody objects). Or we can just wait for a close. Dicklyon (talk) 02:11, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Waiting is perhaps the best thing to do, to see if there are no objections to the moves. RGloucester — ☎ 02:42, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
The proposal to split sounds like a good idea under the circumstances. Tony (talk) 00:38, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Unacceptable. No split by your cabal will be tolerated. RGloucester — ☎ 00:40, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Three of the opposing "cabal" wrote "These requests should be done separately, or through something else besides a multi-move request" and "Far too many things being proposed for change here" and "I support examining these further on a case by case basis." Other opposers objected to a few specific items or subsets. What's your proposal for how to sort this out then? Dicklyon (talk) 01:42, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
One must simply ask editors what specific moves they object to or support, and ask them to provide justification. Perhaps provide a note at the top of the discussion, and ping those that have already commented for further input. Any moves that are explicitly supported by the participants of this discussion should be carried out. Those that are not supported should not be. RGloucester — ☎ 01:47, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
You can try to organize that if you like; requesting that info was inherent in the original multi-RM though. If people need to look deeply and discuss all the evidence, as some seem to want, it could be quite a mess. Clearly, those not supported here will not be moved until such time as consensus says to. It seems you're saying that the usual processes of multi- and single RMs are inherently not OK. Dicklyon (talk) 02:04, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
No. I'm saying that I don't trust you to adhere to good practice, given your mass moves against consensus, use of discussions with no commenters to justify moving other articles, and making of a new RM within a few weeks of another RM. I expect you to adhere to the consensus result here. If you want to ask people about specific articles, ping them, and I'm sure they'll provide their PoV. RGloucester — ☎ 02:42, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
OK, starting with you, do you have any reason left to not support downcasing Watts Riots now that you have presumably had time to notice the evidence presented? Dicklyon (talk) 06:33, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
The evidence presented supports it remaining capitalised to maintain the encyclopaedic register per WP:UCN and MOS:CAPS, as the Britannica capitalises it. WP:TITLECHANGES supports maintaing the present title, as it has been stable for years. There is consistent capitalisation in non-encyclopaedic sources, with roughly half using capitalisation. WP:UCN, however, implies that the encyclopaedic register is more important, giving weight to the Britannica. That means that this certainly must remain capitalised. RGloucester — ☎ 06:45, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
You surfacing your belief that "roughly half" constitutes "consistent" is actually progress in this. Hugh (talk) 17:03, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • Observation. I'm opposed to continuation of this change process based on contested interpretation of MOSCAPS until it has been clearly addressed there and with discussion input from concerned editors. North Shoreman's expressed opinion is similar to my own on whether or not Dicklyon and Tony's interpretation of MOSCAPS agrees with their mass edits. It is time to take a step back, and get consensus guidance on how these should be handled...and put that in the MOSCAPS article. Does the wider editing community agree with the interpretation currently being employed? While I admire the amount of work Dicklyon is willing to do to evaluate these, I'm not a fan of the tactics employed. If I'm understanding the position correctly about the only thing off the table is the Boston Massacre, and with the current policy even that could change in a few years because the Ngram listing through 2008 Ngram viewer for Boston Massacre is starting to shift and as of 2008 stood at a ratio of 8.5:1 whereas it had been about 30:1 just a few years before. (Notice also that you can see that lower case usage was more mixed before 1900--something I've seen for the Lawrence Massacre as well. From my perspective a significant part of the debate is whether or not standard nomenclature capitalization shifted around 1900 on, and whether or not it is doing so again according to a preferred style guide.) At any rate, repeating the same requests like Groundhog Day until one slips past is unacceptable practice and I object to it. Red Harvest (talk) 06:36, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
I am not aware that any of these moves have been requested before; let me know if there is anything to what you are claiming. All similar previous requests to follow MOS:CAPS have gone the right way, except for that one on Chicago race riot of 1919 at which nobody thought to present data from sources while I was on vacation, so I re-opened, presented data, got more eyeballs on it and things got fixed. If your theory is that MOS:CAPS needs to be clarified or amended, please do bring it up there. But I don't see that as a reason to put normal processes on hold. Dicklyon (talk) 07:22, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Well, you started out by listing one that was, so congrats on negating your own argument. You are also proposing to do the same here. Continuing with your fingers shoved into your ears is not an example of "the normal processes." Instead you've claimed what appears a false consensus and have been reckless rather than bold. I won't support that and instead am shifting my position to: strong oppose. When the problems are honestly addressed and an actual consensus emerges I will honor it. You've made it clear that you won't wait for that and don't believe consensus is necessary. So the only option left is strong oppose. Red Harvest (talk) 07:59, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
"All similar previous requests to follow MOS:CAPS have gone the right way, except for that one on Chicago race riot of 1919 at which nobody thought to present data from source swhile I was on vacation, so I re-opened..." Talk:Chicago_race_riot_of_1919#Requested_move_23_October_2014 includes the post "I checked most of the article's RS and found a mix." Data was supplied. The capitalization is not consistent. The close was capitalize. You re-openned based on a false claim. You were corrected on this false claim in Talk:Chicago_race_riot_of_1919#Requested_move_2 yet you persist in this claim. Hugh (talk) 16:51, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
That still doesn't sound like data to me; and if it had been accepted as data in support of inconsistent capitalization in sources, the close should have been to lower case. Especially since as you clarified there, you found on 2 sources of 25 using it capitalized in a sentence, if I understood you correctly; data in the form of numbers would have made that more clear. Dicklyon (talk) 17:03, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
But above when you post "Cicero Race Riot - commonly lowercase in sources," no numbers, that sounds like data to you? Hugh (talk) 17:12, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Didn't I provide a link to the data at least? At a glance there you can see 7 of the first 10 book hits using lowercase, which pretty much seals it. For those who want to dig deeper, you can click through to the 3 that show uppercase in snippets, and see that 2 of those do not user uppercase in sentences. You can then move to the next 10 with one click if you think that's enough support to conclude that the term is not consistently capitalized in sources. I admit some are harder, especially since Google ranks capitalized phrases higher, so you often see mostly uppercase on the first page of hits even when a closer look at the data shows a preponderance of lowercase in sentences. But it's trivial compared to digging through article citations, and nobody would trust my numbers on those anyway if I tried to get more explicit; so I link the data. Dicklyon (talk) 17:20, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
As stated links were the refs section of the article under discussion. You are right, I did not copy them to the talk page. Now you are re-litigating your re-opening of a recently closed discussion on another talk page. In your interpretation of "consistent" 7 out of 10 is consistent? Hugh (talk) 17:32, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
MOS:CAPS does not provide a specific quantitative cut-off. As with many guidelines we editors are asked to form a judgement as to whether capitalization is consistently uppercase in sources. If not, we lowercase. Further, my read is that we should focus on the article's refs, as these have been accepted as reliable sources for the topic. I'm uncomfortable with n-gram arguments. Hugh (talk) 17:47, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
"...repeating the same requests like Groundhog Day until one slips past is unacceptable practice and I object to it." I agree. I disagreed with outcome of the first RM at Chicago race riot of 1919 but also with the re-open after a month. Hugh (talk) 17:52, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Move to close[edit]

Since RGloucester, who originally reverted these moves, no longer opposes 5 of them, and nobody else has provided any reason to oppose them, I suggest we go ahead with a split close to move these and no consensus on the rest, without prejudice; now 5 or 6 opposers have suggested breaking them them up and examining them more closely, along with more clarification of the underlying guidelines and policies: Dicklyon (talk) 17:20, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

  • Oppose closure – Let this move run for the full duration, as appropriate. If no one objects, these can be moved as appropriate. Follow the process. Given that we know this is contentious, we should be taking our time here. RGloucester — ☎ 17:26, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
  • I would suggest instead withdrawing the full nomination here (which is not headed toward moving the articles) and reinitiating a separate request involving only these articles, and then nominating the others separately as necessary. However, the large request garnered a lot of opposition, and the visibility of the individual requests is likely to be lower; I would suggest pinging participants here to the new nominations, as took place at Talk:Chicago race riot of 1919. If you withdraw the nomination, I will close it as no consensus without prejudice against renomination (NPASR). Even if no one objects down here at the bottom of the discussion, the overall objections above are hard to discount; editors who have commented above may not return to the discussion before it closes. Dekimasuよ! 18:16, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
OK, I'll try to get to that. Is there a mechanism to ping a list of users easily? Dicklyon (talk) 19:01, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Use Template:Ping. RGloucester — ☎ 19:09, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Does that mean you'd like to withdraw the full request? Dekimasuよ! 19:14, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Yes; consider it so; though maybe wait and see if RG or someone has a comment on the two I add below. Dicklyon (talk) 19:17, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Also, does anyone see a reason not to put these two into the obvious easy batch?
(we could also remove the "of year" part as unnecessary; I might propose that if I hear no objection here).
Here's the data again: Dicklyon (talk) 19:17, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
and more data that shows these are descriptive, not accepted proper names:
I'll support decapitalisation of these two as well. RGloucester — ☎ 19:20, 12 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Follow up[edit]

Please see Talk:Carnation_Massacre#Requested_move_13_December_2014 and advise if my attempt to ping did not generate a notification for you. It did not for myself, but maybe it's not supposed to. Dicklyon (talk) 02:52, 13 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

These 7 are so far unopposed there, except for a discussion about "massacre" not being the best term for the first one, so it will probably change to "murders":

These riots should probably be considered as a group next, since sources are clear on (at least the first three) not being close to the criteria of capitalization in MOS:CAPS or MOS:MILTERMS (if someone disagrees with those criteria, they might want to open a discussion about that). In tbe Detroit case, widespread citations to book and paper titles that include the phrase with "of 1943" make it harder to narrow down to usage in sources, but I have assembled a more clear picture via links to all individual uses in books, which makes it clear.

Then we'll see where we are. Alternate plans will be gladly considered, especially if they can lead more quickly to a consensus. Dicklyon (talk) 02:58, 14 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

OK, where we are is that 4 of those moved, but even with evidence like this, we didn't get editor comments to look like a consensus to move into alignment with the guidelines of WP:NCCAPS. I'm still having trouble understanding the opposition, so if anyone wants to try to explain it to me, I'll listen. Is it the evidence? the guidelines? my interpretation of what it means to be "consistently capitalized in sources"? Apathy from editors about having a consistent WP style? A little of each? Maybe later we (I) will figure it out. Merry Christmas. Dicklyon (talk) 07:10, 23 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

OK, editors finally got behind a consensus to also fix Watts riots to lowercase riots; we are mostly recovered from the disruption that RGloucester injected into routine style work. Not all were fixed by simple downcasings; better titles were found for some where the capitalized title was clearly not a proper name. Good progress. Thanks to all who participated. I'm not sure why it was so hard to treat these in groups, but we got there, again reaffirming that most editors agree that sticking close to WP's stated style guidelines is a good thing. Dicklyon (talk) 06:08, 13 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Move discussion in progress[edit]

There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Houston Riot (1917) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 18:30, 14 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Future move considerations[edit]

That RM closed with comment The result of the move request was: consensus to move the pages, except no consensus in this discussion to move Watts Riots at this time, per the discussion below. If a new request is needed for Watts Riots based on the new evidence, please proceed, but I think we're getting to the point where it may be helpful to take a break and come back later.

For future reference, the evidence that had been presented there is copied here. The part on occurrences in encyclopedias was added at the end, so was not yet reflected in comments. Dicklyon (talk) 05:47, 23 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Overwhelming majority lowercase in sources is clear: [3]. Dicklyon (talk) 18:39, 14 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Singular was more common in books until recently, also overwhelmingly lowercase. Dicklyon (talk) 19:57, 14 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

  • Dicklyon, the nGrams are not useful anymore. The ones you posted here end in 2000 and in 2005, and if you take the name 'Watts Riot' (and not 'riots') even in 2005 the trend was showing uppercase. There really should be a discussion about ending the citing of nGrams in these discussions, or at least giving weight, especially undue weight to them. They all end in 2005 or 2008. A long time ago now, in Wikipedia years. Why do you think they are still useful, or have a large amount of weight as you see them? Thanks. Randy Kryn 7:42 9 February, 2015 (UTC)
Watts Riots in encyclopedias.

I did some more digging to address the "encyclopedic register" concept.

Here are encyclopedias that I can find in Google Book Search that use uppercase "Watts Riots":

And those that use lowercase "Watts riots" in sentences:

Singular versions, from just the first page of 10 GBS hits, show a similar pattern heavily skewed toward lowercase:

Uppercase "Watts Riot" in sentences:

Lowercase "Watts riot" in sentences:

  • Why increase the burden of decision-making for editors, apart from the other considerations? Unless someone is going to volunteer to go throught the whole text and upcase references to the subject ("Between 31,000 and 35,000 adults participated in the riots" would current be wrong"), this should be downcased, per so many sources that Dicklyon has surveyed. Simplicity please, per MOSCAPS and other major style guides. Tony (talk) 07:00, 6 January 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Requested move 8 February 2015[edit]

The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Moved to Watts riots: Based on a least 3 years stable at Watts riots in years past, WP:Commonname and WP:MOSCAPS. Whether Watts Riots is a proper name has been shown to be at least debatable in the discussion. The suggested name: Watts riots of 1965 seems viable but should be subject to a thorough RM if proposed as it will run afoul of disambiguation concerns. Mike Cline (talk) 14:34, 4 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]


Watts Riots → Watts riots – Having given it some time, and listening to previous feedback that this one should be considered on its own rather than in a group of less-well-known riots, it seems time again to try to get this one aligned with the advice of MOS:CAPS. Since previous comments found no basis in sources for treating "Watts Riots" as a proper name, and with the overwhelming majority of uses in books being lowercase, WP style is to use lowercase. Dicklyon (talk) 23:06, 8 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Data[edit]

See the section #Future move considerations above for data saved from previous discussion at Talk:Houston Riot (1917)#Requested move 14 December 2014. Add new data here.

Note that the data on usage in encyclopedias was collected too late to influence the prior discussion, where RGloucester had argued that "WP:UCN tells us that we must give weight to other encyclopaedias". Such weight would clearly be in favor of the proposal to move to lowercase, consistent with all the other evidence. Dicklyon (talk) 23:14, 8 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Survey and Discussion[edit]

  • Support as nom, per the lead advice in MOS:CAPS and the overwhelming lowercase usage in better sources (books). Dicklyon (talk) 23:14, 8 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
  • Oppose – How many times can you propose the same thing? RGloucester — ☎ 23:26, 8 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Since you decline to state a reason, I copy here your response to the last time, which I have addressed explicitly above, so I expected you would notice and relent: Dicklyon (talk) 00:05, 9 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Note: Comments removed by RG with summary "That's not the reason. I don't want this here." Dicklyon (talk) 00:41, 9 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
  • Oppose based on variety of good reasons in the closed discussion above—it's imprecise, disrespectful, contrary to convention—most of which seem superior to a generic statement about the manual of style. The google data cited do not provide a good enough reason to move, for one thing because they show use of "Watts riots" (and even "Watts Riots"!) before 1965. shalom groupuscule (talk) 02:20, 9 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
If you turn off smoothing, the counts start in 1965: [4] except for outliers that might be date errors such as this one. Dicklyon (talk) 03:47, 9 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Dicklyon, your nGram is from 2000! 15 years ago. nGrams seemed to have been discontinued in 2008, and most you list are from either 2005 or 2008 (and now 2000). I wrote about this above, and to you in other places, and submit that nGrams should no longer be used as a source and, if they are, should carry no weight. They are to sources as nDorian Gray is to paintings. Randy Kryn 7:47 9 February, 2015 (UTC)
Sorry, forgot to update the defualt ngram plots to latest. When I do, it makes the case even better: [5] and [6]. Dicklyon (talk) 16:44, 9 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Comment on the argument from data: Just because I can correctly refer to the "president of the United States" does not change the propriety of capitalizing "President of the United States" in the Wikipedia article about the office. Similarly, one can correctly refer to the "Watts riots"—but "Watts Riots" is still a better name for the unique historical event. (Same with Hough Riots and St. Augustine Movement. Neither page should have been moved.) Graphs from Google (whose sources are completely opaque, as far as I can tell) should not trump an obvious consensus from editors working on the field in question. groupuscule (talk) 17:35, 9 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
The sources are not opaque - they are from the corpus of Google Books, and can be verified by repeating a search in Google Books and looking into the sources themselves for confirmation. Dohn joe (talk) 17:47, 9 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Respect has nothing to do with anything here; using lowercase in written English is not a sign of disrespect at all. ErikHaugen (talk | contribs) 17:14, 17 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
  • Oppose this is a specific set of riots, not all the riots ever in Watts -- 70.51.200.101 (talk) 03:15, 9 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Yes it is a specific set of riots. That's exactly what all those many books mean when they say the "Watts riots". Many others just say "Watts riot" and treat it as all one (also lowercase almost always). Did you happen to look at MOS:CAPS for what our style guidelines are? It does not suggest caps for any basis that relates to what you said. Nor for what the prev guy said, for precision, respect, or whatever other convention he has in mind. Dicklyon (talk) 03:56, 9 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
This article's scope is not all riots in Watts, so the proposed name is bad. You will need to attach a year if you want to remove the capitalization. -- 70.51.200.101 (talk) 03:59, 10 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
  • Comment – It might be useful for responses to comment with respect to Wikipedia style guidelines. See MOS:CAPS, which says:

Wikipedia avoids unnecessary capitalization. Most capitalization is for proper names or for acronyms. Wikipedia relies on sources to determine what is a proper name; words and phrases that are consistently capitalized in sources are treated as proper names and capitalized in Wikipedia.

Or with respect to other details there or elsewhere in policies and/or guidelines; or essays even if you are so inclined. Dicklyon (talk) 04:00, 9 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Okay. Here's one for you: WP:LISTEN when people tell you they've had enough of these repeated move requests. RGloucester — ☎ 04:03, 9 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
The closers of the previous two multi-RMs wrote "closing without prejudice against reopening move requests individually or in small groups" and "If a new request is needed for Watts Riots based on the new evidence, please proceed". The new evidence is what you requested about use in encyclopedias. So who is saying that we should not consider fixing the case of this one, other than the same people who want to capitalize it against guidelines and even though it is usually lowercase in sources, including those encyclopedias you want us to put extra weight on? Dicklyon (talk) 05:44, 9 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Indeed, I don't think the WP:LISTEN failure is on the part of Dicklyon. However, it is clear that RGloucester is individually and personally unhappy with these move discussions, from which I recall him saying that he would disengage further participation.[7] It's disappointing that this self-directive has not been kept, and he is back to verbally attacking people for daring to open discussions about article names.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  17:31, 20 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
  • Oppose Common name is 'Watts Riots' or 'Watts Rebellion' (which the Martin Luther King, Jr. encyclopedia calls it in upper-case), Common sense name is 'Watts Riots' or 'Watts Rebellion', Proper name is 'Watts Riots' or 'Watts Rebellion'. Dicklyon, please ping people when you are going to do things like this. Randy Kryn 7:24 8 February, 2015 (UTC)
One author's preferred name for something doesn't make it the name that WP needs to use, much less require us to follow that author's preferred capitalisation style.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  17:31, 20 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
  • Support. My inclination would be otherwise, and secretly, I'd be glad if the RM fails, but you can't hide the evidence. An ngram through 2008 shows pretty clearly that a large majority of sources are still using lowercase. I don't see that that would have changed in the last seven years. This is not about "disrespecting" an event - it's about WP's commitment to following real-world usage in actual sources. Those sources say to use lowercase here. I would encourage the !opposers to come forward with actual real-world evidence about the overall usage by sources. Dohn joe (talk) 15:07, 9 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
No, sources are not relevant, nor is evidence. What should be capitalised should be capitalised, and that's that. Regardless, the Brittanica capitalised this event, and so should we. RGloucester — ☎ 15:16, 9 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
"Sources are not relevant".... Interesting. I always thought Brittanica was a good source. But sources are irrelevant, so if you think Brittanica is relevant here, then it must not be one. Oh well.... Dohn joe (talk) 16:43, 9 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
We have an entire section, WP:NOTPAPER, at the WP:What Wikipedia is not policy, debunking this "we must do X because Britannica does it" notion. [BTW, note spelling: it's not "Brittanica".] The fact that RGloucester's oppose is based on the notion that "sources are not relevant" is enough reason to dismiss it, anyway, and I have to note further (see, e.g., again and again at WT:Article titles#Stylization of the "common name") that it was RGloucester himself who asked for the very sources he now says do not matter. This is the sour grapes fallacy.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  17:31, 20 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
First, the ngram is from 2005, not 2008. But here, try this one 'Watts Riot' and see how these things work everywhichwaytheycan. Randy Kryn 5:07 21 February, 2015 (UTC)
  • Support—Good enough for books, good enough for us. And Dicklyon has presented compelling evidence. I note also our own guidelines (in harmony with CMOS and the Oxford styleguide: minimise unnecessary capitalisation. Even Randy Kryn admits that "you can't hide the evidence". RGloucester: I don't buy this circular argument that capping is "necessary" because you happen to like it, which is what it comes down to: there seems to be an emotional force at large here, encapsulated by your claim, "No, sources are not relevant, nor is evidence". Like ... if the evidence doesn't suit my emotional prejudgement, it should be dismissed. Really? We need a world-based approach to this, rooted in our well-established practice on this aspect of formatting, plus the evidence out there. RGloucester's plea at MOS central talkpage that WP should change to title-casing its article and section titles reveals an underlying agenda. Tony (talk) 07:00, 10 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
  • Oppose Same old tactics by Dicky. Red Harvest (talk) 07:57, 10 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
No reason? Just a personal jab instead? Dicklyon (talk) 04:38, 11 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
No, it wouldn't. First of all, I will not take responsibility for that article. I only created it at the behest of a certain Mr Ho, who is my lord. I ought call him Lord Ho, I suppose. Secondly, the two articles are not comparable. In the case of the 2015 Hong Kong protests, that's a descriptive title. It simply is describing protests in 2014 in Hong Kong, none of which have proper names. In this case, however, we are referring to a specific historical incident that is known as the "Watts Riots" as opposed to other riots in Watts. What's more, it is capitalised by RS and in common usage. RGloucester — ☎ 14:06, 10 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
"capitalised by RS and in common usage" is an assertion that could be supported by evidence if it were true; but it's not; and you've already said that "sources are not relevant, nor is evidence"; so what is your point here? Dicklyon (talk) 18:52, 10 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Facetious comments are inappropriate, thank you very much. -- Ohc ¡digame! 04:29, 11 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
  • Support―There seems to be overwhelming evidence here that lowercase is in widespread use. All of the opposes seem to mostly be "i don't like it" or "I don't like Dicklyon". We don't usually hold to wildly prescriptivist arguments like RG's "sources are not relevant, nor is evidence" one. ErikHaugen (talk | contribs) 17:14, 17 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
  • Oppose Watts riots. Watts is a bad adjective, there is not a type of riot that is a watts riot. The Watts riots were a singular event, and are reasonably expected to be referred to with the proper name, Watts Riots. Proper names are most recognizable as proper names when capitalized. Reasonably, though not universally, or even mostly. So what is the problem? The problem is that "Watts riots" is simply too short a reasonable title. The titling drive for brevity, with the aversion of WP:THE (for good reasons) creates these problems. The proposed title would be OK if clearly in the context of Watts, a place, as in "Watts, Los Angeles", but "watts" alone is insufficiently recognizable. Suggest instead 1965 Watts riots, noting the commonly read "the 1965 Watts riots", but oppose simply "Watts riots". --SmokeyJoe (talk) 05:24, 18 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
So you're not OK with WP:COMMONNAME? Dicklyon (talk) 07:14, 18 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
WP:COMMONNAME is very good guidance. "1965 Watts riots" *is* commonly used in reliable sources. It is a better introductory term than "Watts riots", a term that would be expected to be used in all instances after the introductory term. The WP:COMMONNAME preference for the "most" commonly used needs to be weighed against introductory and non-introductory usages. Of course, no text will repeat "1965 Watts riots" within a passage, but consider why many sources chose to use that term. I submit that it is for recognizability purposes. "Watts" is a word-like name that is too easily misrecognizable as a word acting as an adjective in "watts riots" (the initial capital is meaningless in Wikipedia titles); this has to be weighed against the data on non-introductory usage. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 23:50, 18 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
I would not object to "1965 Watts riots", but some would call the 1965 "unnecessary disambiguation". The term "Watts riots" is much more common, so should also be acceptable. The current question is really about how to capitalize it, and your opposition to that just confuses matters. Dicklyon (talk) 01:38, 19 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
I prefer "1965 Watts riots" to "Watts riots", and detest the common titling preference for brevity that so very often makes it hard for me to recognize topics. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 06:36, 19 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Like I say, I would not object. I agree that too-short names, as preferred by B2C, are often not very recognizable. But that's not what the present RM is about, so unless your comment attracts a big run of support, you're just delaying a simple case fix. Dicklyon (talk) 07:07, 19 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
It is a proper name, unless it is a descriptive title. If it is a descriptive title, then it needs more information. Therefore, "Watts riots" is the worst of three options. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 23:49, 19 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Sources disagree – by an overwhelming margin. Dicklyon (talk) 00:22, 20 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Yes. I am surprised at the usage data returned. Perhaps it is biased by repeated, non-introductory use, or loose passing mentions? Raw data should never be trusted like that. When I try google scholar, I see "the 1965 Watts riots in Los Angeles serves"; "the Watts Riots"; "The Los Angeles Race Riot, August, 1965"; "Watts, the 1965 Los Angeles riots" "at the time of the 1967 Watts riots" (sic). Always introduced with more information, or (rarely) as a proper name. It fits my opinion, that, consistent with 1967 Newark riots for example, the title should be 1965 Watts riots, if not longerWatts riots of 1965 might be better. I'm sorry if I care more for meaningful titles than you do for MOSCAP compliance, I don't support a slightly less meaningful title so as to achieve MOSCAP compliance. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 02:55, 20 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
  • Support Watts riots of 1965, consistent with nom, but with the year included to clearly indicate that this is a historical event, achieving a basic threshold for a meaningful title. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 03:01, 20 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
  • Support I perceive that the primary criterion is whether or not the title is a proper name since Wikipedia:Naming conventions (capitalization) states: "Do not capitalize the second or subsequent words in an article title, unless the title is a proper name." MOS:CAPS states: "words and phrases that are consistently capitalized in sources are treated as proper names and capitalized in Wikipedia." Wiktionary offers the definition: "(frequency) constantly; always; or, (manner) in a consistent manner, where consistent is, of a regularly occurring, dependable nature." While I do not propose the intent of MOS:Caps to mean 100% of the time, it should certainly be much closer to this than say, half the time. Based on the evidence of usage, 'Watts riots' does not meet the threshold of consistency required by the MOS:Caps to be considered a proper name.
On first principles and the conventions of English, it does not meet the criteria to be considered a proper name. Many people tend to incorrectly assert that the primary criterion for being a proper name is that there is a specific referent. It is too often ignored that a specific referent is also created by use of restrictive determiners and by the definite article. While "the" may be an intrinsic part of a proper name, use of the definite article to create a particular referent strongly indicates against a proper name. Where 'the' occurs with the proposed proper name, stronger evidence than just a particular referent is necessary to assert that the noun phrase is a proper name. 'The' occurs with every occurrence of 'watts riot' in the body of the article's text.
Another characteristic of a proper name is that it is not descriptive. The personal name 'rose' does not mean that the bearer in any way resembles a rose or is rose-like. Appellative (common) noun phases are descriptive. While some proper names can be descriptive, if a proposed proper name is descriptive, stronger evidence than just a particular referent is necessary to assert that the noun phrase is a proper name. "The Watts riots' is descriptive.
'Riot' is an appellative. The attributive noun, Watts, tells us that the noun phrase is referring to a riot at a particular place. An attributive noun is one that is acting like an adjective. The definite article refers to particular riots at Watts. Neither empirical evidence of usage nor lexical conventions support that 'the Watts Riot' is a proper name. Cinderella157 (talk) 13:01, 18 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
OK, but you are relying on the body of law when all the policy does is give a guideline. A guideline means a few people (sometimes under a handful, literally) put some text into the page, well away from the eyes of every wikipedian who is just doing their thing. A guideline is a 'suggestion by a few people', often sculpted word for word (and sometimes changed word for word) towards limiting choices. In this case the people above on the vote which occurred in December have not been pinged or told this attempt is taking place, so a closer should read those comments as well as this. Those people have no idea another attempt is occurring, so please Dicklyon or someone who knows policy backwards and forwards (but knows guidelines a little less), ping the people who chimed in just a few weeks ago before a new vote was taken. Watts Riots stands as a proper name, and fits the criteria here for a proper noun, and certainly is used by hundreds of sources and search engine results as a proper noun - hence it is a proper noun (not used as such by everyone, but certainly enough, and the carved-in-stone law of "across the board" turns out to be a carved-in-sand simple guideline). These riots have their place in history, but I certainly wasn't there and so don't know the extent that the people who experienced the horrible results of a neighborhood turning on itself went through. But it surely has enough of a legacy as a proper noun for this discussion to be inconclusive and not enough consensus to change a long-established article name. Randy Kryn 11:32 18 February, 2015 (UTC)
The evidence presented here suggests that it does not have much legacy as a proper name. I'm surprised, actually, at the evidence presented in some of these discussions. Like you, I wouldn't have expected so many sources to lowercase the 'r' here. But they do. Have you looked at the evidence here? This has nothing to do with how horrible the event was. And I can assure you that many people have discussed the guideline in question; see WP:LOCALCONSENSUS, even though there doesn't seem to be any here that we should buck sources to capitalize. ErikHaugen (talk | contribs) 16:39, 18 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Should ping everyone who discussed this in the past couple of months, scrolling down this page just to get here seemed confusing enough, imagine those people who thought they weighed in on this and don't realize it's a whole new discussion. At a minimum, not pinging them seems unfair, and then there's the consensus thing. As I've tried to discuss around the town and nobody will comment on it, how can people still use nbooks as a source? Dicklyon relies on it, and numbers from 2000, 2005, at most 2008, might be a source for ancient history, but not good for much else. Watts Riots seem to be capitalized by enough sources to qualify as a proper noun. I really don't have a horse in this game, to me the Watts Riots (or Watts Rebellion) were not a part of the Civil Rights Movement that I see when I mentally map it. But other people see it as a part of that movement, and so, for their viewpoint, I can say this is another way to chip away at events from that era. Decapitalization demeans, it really does, and to change an already capitalized name should, I think, be agreed upon by almost everyone, and this discussion certainly isn't garnering that kind of support, even without taking the December comments into consideration which I suggest the closer do when reading this page. Randy Kryn 17:35 18 February, 2015 (UTC)
"Decapitalization demeans" – no, it doesn't; not in written English. That really is a remarkable comment; why would you think this is true? Regarding ngrams: "nobody will comment on it" – why would they? We have many decades worth of books, why would missing the last few years really matter when answering this question? Is there some reason to think that "Watts riots" is suddenly being capitalized a lot more than it was 10 years ago? Why would anyone imagine that might be happening? There really isn't much to say: the evidence presented here shows that the r is overwhelmingly lowercased. I'm actually really surprised by it. But your argument that ngrams can't be used anymore is pretty far out in the weeds. I'd suggest dropping it at this point. "change an already capitalized name should, I think, be agreed upon by almost everyone" – why would it have an especially high bar? I wouldn't say that without an argument for it and expect it to carry any weight here. ErikHaugen (talk | contribs) 20:10, 19 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Decapitalization demeans, of course it does, it at least demeans the perceived status of an event if that event is known by many as a common name. Think of common names you'd assume would always be capitalized, and imagine that when you look at your favorite encyclopedia, Wikipedia, the name is somehow other than what you thought it was your entire life. Some of those names would be more of a surprise than others. Some would be outright "Huh?". For me 'Watts riots or Watts Riots doesn't fall in the surprise category, but some people (maybe even those who commented on this topic in December, who have gone unpinged but hopefully not forgotten) will experience a decapitalization as a troubling change. I think a very good case can be made that the ngrams have stopped being much more than a historical archive, as they end in 2008, and in some cases in 2000 and 2005. Seven years ago (what happened to them, why did google discontinue? They are fun to look at), so the years are starting to add up. When a case is clear cut, maybe they are of value. But on a recent name change discussion the name one "side" wanted was in the majority but going down rapidly in 2008, and the name other people wanted was rising rapidly. In trying to say "See, the trend is apparent" the response you got, summarized: "No, no, can't say that, Crystal Ball policy, can't say that, we must accept the seven year old data right where it froze". nGrams are, as I've said, something like nDorian Gray (and not the good Gray), reasonable to a point but more unreliable as a source of relevant information as each year rolls by. Established names are kept if consensus isn't reached, so my point there concerns the fact that a long time established name has been viewed by tens of thousands of people without being questioned - a multitude accepting the page's title, seeing nothing wrong with it as time goes by - is almost a de facto acceptance of the capitalized title as a proper noun, and that should, in a disputed nomination, carry some if not considerable weight. Randy Kryn 22:15 19 February, 2015 (UTC)
Randy, the page was initially at Watts riots for 3 years without complaint; it was moved to capitalized title in 2006, with no discussion on the talk page, as you can see here. It is not too late to fix this error. Dicklyon (talk) 22:25, 19 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Maybe the error was fixed in 2006. Almost nine years without a complaint. I'd personally name it '1965 Watts Riots' with redirects, which would solve any dilemma. Randy Kryn 12:20 20 February, 2015 (UTC)
  • Support per MOS:CAPS, per the provided evidence of usage, and per the linguistic analysis ("Watts" is the only proper name here; "riots" is a plural appellative referring to several distinct events). Our choice, and that of some external sources, to write about them collectively, as politically connected events, doesn't magically make "Watts riots" a proper name. 24.23.163.55 (talk) 07:40, 20 February 2015 (UTC) PS: I'm also fine with the suggestions of others to use 1965 Watts riots or Watts riots of 1965 (note lower-case "riots").  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  17:31, 20 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
So you're saying that every event during the six day long Watts Riots of 1965 was a separate event and not connected. Lots of coincidences occurring then, as they all seemed to happen during the same time period. Not politically connected, but obviously connected by some kind of common agreement. Randy Kryn 12:27 20 2015 (UTC)
I said no such thing. Look, there were a bunch of riots in series, in Watts, all stemming from the same socio-political impetus. That doesn't somehow make the phrase "Watts riots" a proper name, like "Watts" itself is.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  17:32, 20 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
  • Support as the case has been well made, firmly anchored in English usage and grammar, and Wikipedia title policy, and style guidelines. The opposing votes based on "what would Britannica do?", and "how can we honor these important events", and "there might be an even better alternative" have been heard, but are found lacking with respect to the decision faced here. A separate RM discussion to include the 1965 in the title can follow, if there's interest in that. 2620:0:1000:157D:7522:8BA:AC49:BE47 (talk) 17:34, 20 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
  • Support per WP:COMMONNAME as shown by research done by User:Dohn joe.--RightCowLeftCoast (talk) 03:18, 21 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Dohn joe presented an ngram from 2005, ten years ago. Well, here's one using 'Watts Riot' (which should be the name anyway, it was a six day riot) showing the opposite. Randy Kryn 5:11 21 February, 2015 (UTC)
Just to be clear, my ngram above goes through 2008. Dohn joe (talk) 15:09, 21 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
In 2007, 'the Watts Riots' occurs 2.9 x 10-6% While 'the Watts riots' occurs 8.6 x 10-6% or nearly three times more. The usage is consistantly significantly higher. Your point is ... Cinderella157 (talk) 13:00, 21 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
2005. Did you click on the link I provided? 'Watts Riot' was tied with 'Watts riot' in 2005. Can't believe that people still use the nGrams to make decisions on these things. I'd rename the page '1965 Watts Riot' with no 's' after 'Riot'. But that's for another day. The main point going for lower-casing 'riots' is the plural, which does make it sound lower-case worthy. Bring it down to one inter-connected 'Riot', which is more accurate, and that may be fine with most people chiming in here. Randy Kryn 13:10 21 February, 2015 (UTC)
These are the results from the n-gram you provided, which you will see if you hover over the graph. Cinderella157 (talk) 15:36, 21 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

If the title capping is to persist[edit]

Without a downcasing, I believe all specific abbreviated references to the Riots should be capped in the text. Thus: "Between 31,000 and 35,000 adults participated in the riots over the course of six days" will need to be "Between 31,000 and 35,000 adults participated in the Riots over the course of six days". That is what has to happen if the second word of title string is treated as a titular proper name. Agreed, everyone? Tony (talk) 13:24, 25 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Probably not needed. If it stays as it is the proper name is the entire name, not a portion of the name. Like the 'American Civil War', a mention of 'the war', or Cuban Missile Crisis with a follow-up 'the crisis ended' would be lower-cased. Randy Kryn 13:30 25 February, 2015 (UTC)
No, Tony is right. If one is referring to the specific Cuban Missile Crisis, one must write "the Crisis ended". RGloucester — ☎ 14:30, 25 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Now you've got me worried. If we would just abide by WP style and not capitalize things where sources show caps are not needed, we would avoid this mess. Dicklyon (talk) 15:45, 25 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Just looked at 'World War II' and lower-case 'war' is throughout when referring to the war but not using its full name. I'd bet some gophers that this is the common use on every war page. Randy Kryn 5:04 26 February, 2015 (UTC)
Disagree. This is a case of a proper name versus descriptive name versus a generic word used in a specific context. Look at American Civil War as another example. Attempts to enforce purism on English will always lead to nonsense examples. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 05:41, 26 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
So true. But we do capitalize Civil War whenr referring to the American one, don't we? Dicklyon (talk) 07:22, 26 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
The point is, that although we do capitalize "Civil War" when referring to the event in a standalone way—as is necessarily the case an article title—that in a sustained discussion of that historical period one might and does reasonably refer to the "civil war" which transpired, perhaps to place emphasis on its membership in the larger category. Analogously, you will see sources like the Los Angeles Times (August 11, 2005) and the Los Angeles Daily News (November 27, 2014) unambiguously capitalize the name of the event while elsewhere using the lowercase word "riots". Time magazine (November 20, 2014), refers first "The August 1965 Watts Riots (or Watts Rebellion, depending on one’s perspective and politics)"—both names fully capitalized—followed by a later use of "...the Watts riots". In my view this is strong evidence against the argument from decontextualized Google data. Once again, using capitalization in the title of a Wikipedia article is a clear and necessary indicator that the article refers to a specific event and not a more diffuse contemporaneous phenomenon. The same is true of Memphis Riots of 1866, Hough Riots, and probably many others which have been changed without discussion or scrutiny. salaam, groupuscule (talk) 08:24, 26 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Moot point. The title capping has been fixed. Thanks, all, for your inputs. Dicklyon (talk) 06:09, 13 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Non-neutral all the way through[edit]

I am goinng to add the pov tag because this article is in breach of the neutrality policy all the way through. It is beyond reasonable doubt that it was written by people who are on the side of rioters rather than law and order. I am not going to get further involved because I am not American and have no special interest in the topic, which I came across by chance, but in its present state the article brings wikipedia into disrepute. 81.99.182.245 (talk) 16:43, 30 May 2015 (UTC)[reply]

You need to be specific about problems. What is the number one most offensive sentence and we can start with that. Rjensen (talk) 18:52, 30 May 2015 (UTC)[reply]


Questions about Riots Begin Section[edit]

This page features a lot of testimony from police and state officials on accounts of the riots, but no reciprocal accounts are given by people who participated in or witnessed the riots in the same section detailing the actions of policemen. Also, using language such as maintaining order might appear neutral, but it hides the the violence that police use to enforce that "order". Could more descriptive language be used to illustrate the violence that police visited upon the black population of Watts during the riots. Jdevin07 (talk) 18:43, 7 February 2017 (UTC)[reply]

If you have the sources, you can make the edits yourself. Thanks. BeenAroundAWhile (talk) 03:27, 21 October 2018 (UTC)[reply]

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion[edit]

The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion:

Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. Community Tech bot (talk) 00:52, 4 July 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Cultural Reference[edit]

The Watts Riots (referred to as the Watts Rebellion) is referenced in episode 5 of the Japanese anime series Haruchika. A character's grandfather is said to have traveled to America in 1966 and experienced the riots. Though they took place in 1965, this error may be intentional because the subplot related to the riots is a red herring.

I have no experience editing Wikipedia but I figured it was a reference most people wouldn't catch since the anime is not particularly popular and American race relations are not a topic covered by anime very often.

Someone more qualified than me can verify the scene referring to the riots by watching episode 5 starting at 14 minutes 32 seconds (it is available for viewing on Funimation's YouTube channel.

Thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.109.176.251 (talk) 23:41, 9 February 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Original research in background section[edit]

From the first paragraph of WP:NOR:

"To demonstrate that you are not adding original research, you must be able to cite reliable, published sources that are directly related to the topic of the article and directly support[b] the material being presented."

In this Watts riots article, the first two paragraphs of the section Background violate the above Wikipedia policy because the sources for the two paragraphs do not mention the Watts riots. Bob K31416 (talk) 16:13, 5 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

There is not a blanket ban on sources if they don't mention the topic. Background in any article provides helpful context. The policy is about the content as described below. Are there particular sentences in those paragraphs which violate this policy?
"Wikipedia does not publish original thought. All material in Wikipedia must be attributable to a reliable, published source. Articles must not contain any new analysis or synthesis of published material that reaches or implies a conclusion not clearly stated by the sources themselves." 〜 Adflatuss • talk 17:51, 5 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]
The issue is that the material in the two paragraphs is not supported by any sources that mention the topic of this article, viz. the Watts riots. The given sources do not mention or make any connection with the Watts riots, so the two paragraphs of this Wikipedia article violate WP:NOR. As it stands now, the connection to the Watts riots is made by Wikipedia, not by sources. Bob K31416 (talk) 01:11, 6 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]
Looking at the remaining part of the section, which consists of the subsection Residential segregation, one sees that it has the same problem of using sources that make no mention or connection to the Watts riots. The only exceptions are the last two paragraphs that begin with "Despite its reform..." and "Resentment of....", which contain sources 17 and 18 that make reference to the Watts riots. Bob K31416 (talk) 22:42, 7 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]
On further review, I found that in the subsection Residential segregation, the fourth paragraph (beginning with "The Rumford...") is OK. Also, I redid the citation there, including the link and numbering for relevant pages. Bob K31416 (talk) 23:37, 9 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]
Please see "This page in a nutshell" for a summary of WP:NOR. It is not about sources having a specific mention. It is about "original thought". I don't think that Watts being a neighborhood of LA and describing the that black people moved to LA is a "new analysis or synthesis". The section is Background and this is appropriate content for this article. Please list any sentences that are "original thought" or "new analysis or synthesis". 〜 Adflatuss • talk 04:00, 11 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]
Hi, What are your thoughts on the excerpt from WP:NOR that is in my first message? Bob K31416 (talk) 15:35, 11 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]
"To demonstrate that you are not adding original research..." What follows in your excerpt is how an editor can show their addition of content is not original research. WP:NOR is not about sources but about "original thought". 〜 Adflatuss • talk 05:41, 12 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]
The excerpted sentence describes a test that determines whether an editor is contributing original research. Here's the rest of the sentence, "...you must be able to cite reliable, published sources that are directly related to the topic of the article and directly support[b] the material being presented." In the first five paragraphs of the Background section , it appears that the given sources fail this "directly related to the topic of the article" requirement of WP:NOR. If you find otherwise, please let me know. Bob K31416 (talk) 14:52, 12 January 2024 (UTC).[reply]
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