Malawi national football team

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Malawi
Shirt badge/Association crest
Nickname(s)Flames
AssociationFootball Association of Malawi
ConfederationCAF (Africa)
Sub-confederationCOSAFA (Southern Africa)
Head coachPatrick Mabedi
CaptainJohn Banda
Most capsYoung Chimodzi (159)
Top scorerKinnah Phiri (71)
Home stadiumBingu National Stadium
FIFA codeMWI
First colours
Second colours
Third colours
FIFA ranking
Current 125 Decrease 3 (4 April 2024)[1]
Highest53 (December 1992)
Lowest138 (December 2007, March 2008)
First international
 Nyasaland 0–5 Northern Rhodesia 
(Malawi; 1957)[2]
Biggest win
 Malawi 8–1 Botswana 
(Malawi; 13 July 1968)
 Malawi 8–1 Djibouti 
(Blantyre, Malawi; 31 May 2008)
Biggest defeat
 Nyasaland 0–12 Gold Coast 
(Malawi; 15 October 1962)[2]
Africa Cup of Nations
Appearances3 (first in 1984)
Best resultRound of 16 (2021)
COSAFA Cup
Appearances19 (first in 1997)
Best resultRunners-up (2002, 2003)
Four Nations Football Tournament
Appearances1 (first in 2024)
Best resultFourth place (2024)

The Malawi national football team represents Malawi in association football and is controlled by the Football Association of Malawi. Before 1966, it was known as the Nyasaland national football team.

They have qualified for three Africa Cup of Nations, in 1984, 2010 and 2021. They also won the CECAFA Cup in 1978, 1979 and 1988, and they also got fourth place in the 2024 Four Nations Football Tournament.

History[edit]

Coaches[edit]

The first full-time coach of the Malawi national football team was Ron Meades. The British Council arranged for his appointment through the English Football Association to coach the team for the Republic Celebrations, playing Madagascar and Zambia. Ray Batchelor was coach for four years from 11 November 1967 to 10 October 1971, guiding the team in 23 friendly matches and two Olympic Games. Players during this time included future coaches in Henry Moyo, Brian Griffin, and Yasin Osman. Other coaches included Brazilian Wander Moreira, British Ted Powell, and the first locally-born coach, Alex Masanjala, who was appointed as an interim before Henry Moyo. Moyo was the first former national player to coach the Flames, and stayed in the position for five years. As of January 2019, only nine coaches had been in charge for more than 20 games. The most successful coaches were Powell, Moyo, and Kim Splidsboel (2000–2002) from Denmark.[4][5][6]

Tournaments[edit]

Malawi first qualified for an African Cup of Nations in 1984, when only eight teams competed in the tournament in Ivory Coast. After a 3-0 defeat against Algeria, World Cup participants in 1982 and 1986, the Malawi drew 2-2 in the second game against eventual finalists Nigeria. With a 0–1 loss against Ghana, Malawi ended the group stage with 1 point at the bottom of the table and was eliminated from the tournament.[citation needed]

After 26 years, Malawi took part in an Africa Cup of Nations again in 2010. The team benefited from the fact that the continental elimination round for the 2010 FIFA World Cup also served as the qualifying round for AFCON. In the group matches of the third round, Malawi, third place behind Côte d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso and with a record of only four points and 4–11 goal difference, was enough to make it to the continental finals.[citation needed]

At the tournament in Angola, Kinnah Phiri's team caused a big surprise. In the first group game, Malawi defeated Algeria, which had qualified for the World Cup, 3-0. One of the goalscorers was striker Russel Mwafulirwa, who at the time was under contract for the Swedish first division club IFK Norrköping and was thus one of only two players in the 23-man squad active in Europe. Malawi lost the second game against hosts Angola, 2-0.[citation needed]

For Malawi to have reached the quarter-finals for the first time, a draw in the last group game would have been enough. However, the team lost 3-1 to Mali. After just three minutes, the Malawians were 2-0 down, a goal from Mwafulirwa did nothing to avert the team's elimination.[citation needed]

Results and fixtures[edit]

The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

  Win   Draw   Loss   Fixture

2023[edit]

28 March 2023 AFCON qualification Malawi  0–4  Egypt Lilongwe, Malawi
15:00 UTC+2 Report
Stadium: Bingu National Stadium
Referee: Dahane Beida (Mauritania)
14 June Friendly Mozambique  1–1  Malawi Maputo, Mozambique
10:00 UTC+2 Telinho 56' Report Nkhoma 74' Stadium: Estádio do Zimpeto
20 June 2023 AFCON qualification Ethiopia  0–0  Malawi Maputo, Mozambique
16:00 UTC+2 Report Stadium: Estádio do Zimpeto
Referee: Djindo Louis Houngnandande (Benin)
14 July 2023 COSAFA Cup SF Malawi  1–1
(0–3 p)
 Lesotho KwaMashu
15:00
Report Stadium: King Zwelithini Stadium
17 November 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification Liberia  0–1  Malawi Paynesville, Liberia
16:00 UTC±0 Report
Stadium: Samuel Kanyon Doe Sports Complex
Referee: Antoine Effa (Cameroon)
21 November 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification Malawi  0–1  Tunisia Lilongwe, Malawi
15:00 UTC+2 Report
Stadium: Bingu National Stadium
Attendance: 23,000
Referee: Aklesso Gnama (Togo)

2024[edit]

23 March Friendly Malawi  0–4  Kenya Lilongwe, Malawi
Report Stadium: Bingu National Stadium
26 March Friendly Malawi  1–2  Zambia Lilongwe, Malawi
Report Stadium: Bingu National Stadium

Coaching staff[edit]

[7]

Position Name
Head Coach Malawi Patrick Mabedi
1st Assistant coach Malawi Deklerk Msakakuona
2nd Assistant coach Malawi Eliya Kananji
Goalkeeping coach Malawi Victor Mphande
Team manager Malawi James Sangala
Fitness Coach Malawi Peter Mgangira
Technical Adviser Malawi Aubrey Nankhuni
Data Analyst Malawi Lawrence Waya
Physiotherapist Malawi Dexter Killi
Team Doctor Malawi Dr. Levison Mwale
Kitmaster South Sudan Richard Justin Lado
Media Manager Malawi Gomegzani Zakazaka
Chaplain Malawi Chancy Gondwe
Assistant Technical Manager Malawi Steve Madeira

Coaching history[edit]

Caretaker coaches are listed in italics

Players[edit]

Current squad[edit]

The following local-based players were named to the provisional squad for the four-nations tournament friendly matches against Kenya, Zambia and Zimbabwe in March 2024.[8]

Caps and goals correct as of: 21 November 2023, after the match against Tunisia.

No. Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club
1GK Innocent Nyasulu (1997-04-16) 16 April 1997 (age 27) 1 0 Malawi Mighty Tigers
1GK Austin Chirambo (2003-12-31) 31 December 2003 (age 20) 0 0 Malawi Nyasa Big Bullets
1GK George Chikooka 0 0 Malawi Silver Strikers

2DF Stanley Sanudi (1995-02-02) 2 February 1995 (age 29) 86 1 Malawi Mighty Wanderers
2DF Lawrence Chaziya (1998-08-19) 19 August 1998 (age 25) 14 1 Malawi Mighty Wanderers
2DF Nickson Mwase (1997-02-20) 20 February 1997 (age 27) 9 0 Malawi Silver Strikers
2DF Daniel Chimbalanga (1999-01-19) 19 January 1999 (age 25) 3 0 Malawi MAFCO
2DF Blessings Mpokera (2002-04-02) 2 April 2002 (age 22) 2 0 Malawi Nyasa Big Bullets
2DF Mark Lameck 0 0 Malawi Silver Strikers
2DF Chimwemwe Nkhoma 0 0 Malawi Mighty Wanderers
2DF Yamikani Mologeni 0 0 Malawi Nyasa Big Bullets
2DF Alex Kambilinya 0 0 Malawi Wakawaka Tigers
2DF Joseph Balakasi 0 0 Malawi Dedza Dynamos

3MF Chimwemwe Idana (1998-09-07) 7 September 1998 (age 25) 50 0 Malawi Silver Strikers
3MF Francisco Madinga (2000-02-11) 11 February 2000 (age 24) 14 0 Malawi Mighty Wanderers
3MF Lanjesi Nkhoma (2002-05-27) 27 May 2002 (age 21) 10 2 Malawi Nyasa Big Bullets
3MF Lloyd Aron (2003-01-08) 8 January 2003 (age 21) 9 0 Malawi Nyasa Big Bullets
3MF Patrick Mwaungulu (2002-02-18) 18 February 2002 (age 22) 8 1 Malawi Nyasa Big Bullets
3MF Wisdom Mpinganjira (2002-07-08) 8 July 2002 (age 21) 3 0 Malawi Mighty Wanderers
3MF Chrispin Mapemba 2 0 Malawi Nyasa Big Bullets
3MF Yankho Singo (2000-04-01) 1 April 2000 (age 24) 0 0 Malawi Nyasa Big Bullets
3MF Wongani Lungu 0 0 Malawi Ekwendeni Hammers
3MF Patrick Macheso (1997-05-07) 7 May 1997 (age 26) 1 0 Malawi Silver Strikers

4FW Christopher Kumwembe (1997-01-21) 21 January 1997 (age 27) 9 1 Malawi Mighty Wanderers
4FW Olson Kanjira (1995-03-29) 29 March 1995 (age 29) 2 0 Malawi Kamuzu Barracks
3MF Ephraim Kondowe (2002-01-02) 2 January 2002 (age 22) 0 0 Malawi Nyasa Big Bullets
3MF Clement Nyondo 0 0 Malawi Mighty Wanderers

Recent call-ups[edit]

The following players have been called up in 12 months preceding the above draft.

Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club Latest call-up
GK Brighton Munthali (1997-12-11) 11 December 1997 (age 26) 35 0 Malawi Blue Eagles v.  Tunisia; 21 November 2023
GK Clever Nkungula (2000-02-13) 13 February 2000 (age 24) 4 0 Malawi Nyasa Big Bullets v.  Guinea; 9 September 2023
GK Cyrus Mchawa (1997-04-16) April 16, 1997 (age 27) 1 0 Malawi Mighty Tigers 2023 COSAFA Cup
GK Harold Mwase (1998-11-28) 28 November 1998 (age 25) 0 0 Malawi Nyasa Big Bullets 2023 COSAFA Cup
GK Charles Thomu (1999-01-24) 24 January 1999 (age 25) 7 0 Malawi Silver Strikers v.  Egypt; 28 March 2023

DF Dennis Chembezi (1997-01-15) 15 January 1997 (age 27) 44 0 South Africa Black Leopards v.  Tunisia; 21 November 2023
DF Simeon Mwenechanya (1999-01-19) 19 January 1999 (age 25) 3 0 Malawi MAFCO 2023 COSAFA Cup
DF Christopher Chikoti (1999-01-16) 16 January 1999 (age 25) 0 0 Malawi Blue Eagles 2023 COSAFA Cup
DF Gomezgani Chirwa (1996-09-25) 25 September 1996 (age 27) 24 0 Malawi Nyasa Big Bullets v.  Egypt; 28 March 2023
DF Miracle Gabeya (1996-01-14) 14 January 1996 (age 28) 14 1 Malawi Mighty Wanderers v.  Egypt; 28 March 2023
DF Paul Ndhlovu (1992-02-18) 18 February 1992 (age 32) 5 0 Malawi Malawi Armed Forces College v.  Egypt; 28 March 2023
DF Kelvin Kadzinje (1999-04-04) 4 April 1999 (age 25) 2 0 Malawi CIVO United v.  Egypt; 28 March 2023
DF Kieran Ngwenya (2002-09-25) 25 September 2002 (age 21) 1 0 Scotland Raith Rovers v.  Egypt; 28 March 2023

MF John Banda (1993-08-20) 20 August 1993 (age 30) 91 7 Mozambique Songo v.  Tunisia; 21 November 2023
MF Chifundo Mphasi (2004-10-17) 17 October 2004 (age 19) 8 1 Zambia Shamuel v.  Tunisia; 21 November 2023
MF Robert Saizi (2003-07-05) 5 July 2003 (age 20) 6 1 Malawi Nyasa Big Bullets v.  Tunisia; 21 November 2023
MF Frank Willard (2001-05-09) 9 May 2001 (age 22) 5 0 Malawi Nyasa Big Bullets v.  Liberia; 17 November 2023
MF Alick Lungu (2002-03-24) 24 March 2002 (age 22) 10 0 Malawi Nyasa Big Bullets 2023 COSAFA Cup
MF Julius Phiri (2003-07-05) 5 July 2003 (age 20) 3 0 Malawi Nyasa Big Bullets 2023 COSAFA Cup
MF Kenneth Mhango (1998-06-06) 6 June 1998 (age 25) 2 0 Malawi Nyasa Big Bullets 2023 COSAFA Cup
MF Jonathan Mchulu (2003-12-27) 27 December 2003 (age 20) 2 0 Malawi Bangwe All Stars 2023 COSAFA Cup
MF Anthony Chisale (1997-05-07) 7 May 1997 (age 26) 1 0 Malawi Silver Strikers 2023 COSAFA Cup
MF Goodwin Kamuzu (2003-11-28) 28 November 2003 (age 20) 1 0 Malawi Ekwendeni Hammers 2023 COSAFA Cup
MF Dennis Chirwa (1998-01-29) 29 January 1998 (age 26) 0 0 Malawi Silver Strikers 2023 COSAFA Cup
MF Chikoti Chirwa (1992-09-19) 19 September 1992 (age 31) 37 2 Mozambique Costa do Sol v.  Ethiopia; 20 June 2023
MF Micium Mhone (1992-01-19) 19 January 1992 (age 32) 59 6 Malawi Blue Eagles v.  Egypt; 28 March 2023
MF Charles Petro (2001-02-08) 8 February 2001 (age 23) 30 0 Romania FC Botoșani v.  Egypt; 28 March 2023
MF Gilbert Chirwa (1994-02-14) 14 February 1994 (age 30) 4 0 Malawi Blue Eagles v.  Egypt; 28 March 2023
MF Chawanangwa Gumbo (2000-11-28) 28 November 2000 (age 23) 0 0 Malawi Nyasa Big Bullets v.  Egypt; 28 March 2023

FW Gabadinho Mhango (1992-09-27) 27 September 1992 (age 31) 68 17 South Africa Moroka Swallows v.  Liberia; 17 November 2023
FW Richard Mbulu (1994-01-25) 25 January 1994 (age 30) 41 5 Iraq Al-Najaf v.  Guinea; 9 September 2023
FW Peter Banda (2000-09-22) 22 September 2000 (age 23) 24 0 Tanzania Simba v.  Guinea; 9 September 2023
FW Chawanangwa Kawonga (1995-01-05) 5 January 1995 (age 29) 21 2 Zambia Zanaco 2023 COSAFA Cup
FW Gaddie Chirwa (1997-11-30) 30 November 1997 (age 26) 8 0 Malawi Mighty Wanderers 2023 COSAFA Cup
FW Yamikani Chester (1994-12-20) 20 December 1994 (age 29) 40 1 Mozambique Costa do Sol v.  Ethiopia; 20 June 2023
FW Loyd Njaliwa (1998-05-24) 24 May 1998 (age 25) 6 0 Malawi Moyale Barracks v.  Ethiopia; 20 June 2023
FW Chiukepo Msowoya (1988-09-23) 23 September 1988 (age 35) 89 22 Malawi Mighty Wanderers v.  Egypt; 28 March 2023
FW Stain Davie (1997-09-23) 23 September 1997 (age 26) 11 0 Malawi Silver Strikers v.  Egypt; 28 March 2023

Records[edit]

As of 16 July 2023[9]
Players in bold are still active with Malawi.

Most appearances[edit]

Rank Player Caps Goals Career
1 Young Chimodzi 159 13 1979–1995
2 Jack Chamangwana 133 10 1975–1985
3 Lawrence Waya 129 28 1982–1996
4 Harry Waya 126 8 1977–1987
5 Kinnah Phiri 117 71 1973–1981
6 Gilbert Chirwa 112 4 1981–1993
7 Jonathan Billie 110 8 1978–1987
8 Joseph Kamwendo 104 6 2003–2017
9 Felix Nyirongo 103 2 1986–1997
10 Peter Mponda 102 1 1998–2011

Top goalscorers[edit]

Rank Player Goals Caps Ratio Career
1 Kinnah Phiri 71 117 0.61 1973–1981
2 Frank Sinalo 28 75 0.37 1981–1989
Lawrence Waya 28 129 0.22 1982–1996
4 Stock Dandize 23 70 0.33 1977–1983
5 Yasin Osman 22 67 0.33 1966–1975
Essau Kanyenda 22 72 0.31 1999–2015
Chiukepo Msowoya 22 89 0.25 2006–present
8 Peterkins Kayira 18 68 0.26 1983–1989
9 Barnet Gondwe 17 66 0.26 1976–1981
Gabadinho Mhango 17 68 0.25 2012–present

Competition records[edit]

FIFA World Cup[edit]

FIFA World Cup Qualification
Year Round Position Pld W D L F A Squad Pld W D L F A
England 1966 Not a FIFA member Not a FIFA member
Mexico 1970 Did not enter Did not enter
West Germany 1974
Argentina 1978 Did not qualify 2 0 0 2 0 5
Spain 1982 2 0 1 1 1 4
Mexico 1986 4 2 0 2 5 2
Italy 1990 8 2 3 3 6 6
United States 1994 Withdrew Withdrew
France 1998 Did not qualify 2 0 0 2 0 4
South Korea Japan 2002 8 1 2 5 6 12
Germany 2006 12 2 4 6 15 27
South Africa 2010 12 5 1 6 18 16
Brazil 2014 6 1 4 1 4 5
Russia 2018 2 1 0 1 1 2
Qatar 2022 8 2 1 5 3 12
United States Canada Mexico 2026 To be determined 2 1 0 1 1 1
Morocco Portugal Spain 2030 To be determined
Saudi Arabia 2034
Total 0/14 68 17 16 35 60 96

Africa Cup of Nations[edit]

Africa Cup of Nations record Qualification record
Year Round Position Pld W D* L GF GA Squad Pld W D L GF GA
Tunisia 1965 Not affiliated to CAF Not affiliated to CAF
Ethiopia 1968
Sudan 1970
Cameroon 1972
Egypt 1974 Did not enter Did not enter
Ethiopia 1976 Did not qualify 2 0 1 1 4 9
Ghana 1978 2 0 1 1 3 4
Nigeria 1980 4 1 0 3 6 7
Libya 1982 2 0 1 1 1 2
Ivory Coast 1984 Group stage 7th 3 0 1 2 2 6 Squad 4 3 1 0 6 2
Egypt 1986 Did not qualify 2 0 2 0 2 2
Morocco 1988 2 0 0 2 1 4
Algeria 1990 4 1 2 1 5 4
Senegal 1992 4 0 1 3 3 9
Tunisia 1994 6 2 1 3 4 7
South Africa 1996 6 1 3 2 6 7
Burkina Faso 1998 6 3 0 3 9 10
Ghana Nigeria 2000 2 1 0 1 2 2
Mali 2002 2 0 0 2 2 5
Tunisia 2004 4 1 0 3 3 10
Egypt 2006 12 2 4 6 15 27
Ghana 2008 4 1 0 3 2 6
Angola 2010 Group stage 11th 3 1 0 2 4 5 Squad 6 4 0 2 14 5
Equatorial Guinea Gabon 2012 Did not qualify 8 2 6 0 13 8
South Africa 2013 4 1 0 3 4 6
Equatorial Guinea 2015 6 2 1 3 5 9
Gabon 2017 6 2 1 3 5 9
Egypt 2019 6 1 2 3 2 6
Cameroon 2021 Round of 16 13th 4 1 1 2 3 4 Squad 6 3 1 2 4 5
Ivory Coast 2023 Did not qualify In progress
Morocco 2025 To be determined To be determined
Kenya Tanzania Uganda 2027
Total Round of 16 3/36 10 2 2 6 9 15 110 31 28 51 121 165

African Games[edit]

Year Result M W D L GF GA
Republic of the Congo 1965 Did not qualify
Nigeria 1973 Did not qualify
Algeria 1978 4th 5 0 0 5 2 11
Kenya 1987 3rd 5 3 1 1 8 4
Total 2/4 10 3 1 6 10 15

Head-to-head record[edit]

As of 17 November 2019 after match against  Uganda[10]

  More wins than losses   As many wins as losses   Fewer wins than losses

Opponent
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
 Algeria 7 2 1 4 6 13 −7
 Angola 9 3 3 3 8 10 −2
 Benin 2 1 0 1 1 1 0
 Botswana 25 12 8 5 47 21 +26
 Burkina Faso 4 0 1 3 3 7 −4
 Burundi 3 0 2 1 4 6 −2
 Cameroon 9 1 4 4 6 13 −7
 Chad 6 3 1 2 15 10 +5
 Comoros 4 3 0 1 5 3 +2
 Congo 2 0 0 2 1 3 −2
 Djibouti 4 4 0 0 17 1 +16
 DR Congo 10 3 3 4 8 9 −1
 Egypt 10 3 2 5 8 14 −6
 Eritrea 1 1 0 0 3 2 +1
 Eswatini 27 11 11 5 40 21 +19
 Ethiopia 11 3 6 2 11 9 +2
 Gabon 1 1 0 0 2 0 +2
 Ghana 6 0 1 5 0 17 −17
 Guinea 7 1 3 3 7 10 −3
 Ivory Coast 6 1 1 4 7 12 −5
 Kenya 47 19 18 10 61 46 +15
 Lesotho 20 13 4 3 43 12 +31
 Liberia 3 0 1 2 0 2 −2
 Libya 3 0 1 2 3 5 −2
 Madagascar 10 2 1 7 12 21 −9
 Mali 5 1 1 3 5 8 −3
 Mauritius 20 11 5 4 31 19 +12
 Morocco 10 1 3 6 3 15 −12
 Mozambique 31 12 11 8 34 29 +5
 Namibia 15 4 3 8 15 20 −5
 Nigeria 8 0 2 6 9 20 −11
 Réunion 1 1 0 0 8 2 +6
 Rwanda 9 5 2 2 16 9 +7
 Senegal 3 1 0 2 5 7 −2
 Seychelles 1 1 0 0 3 0 +3
 Sierra Leone 4 3 1 0 14 5 +9
 Somalia 3 3 0 0 6 2 +4
 South Africa 13 1 3 9 5 20 −15
 South Sudan 2 1 0 1 1 2 −1
 Sudan 3 2 1 0 6 1 +5
 Tanzania 55 17 25 13 62 52 +10
 Togo 3 2 1 0 3 1 +2
 Tunisia 7 2 3 2 8 16 −8
 Uganda 31 8 9 14 32 39 −7
 Yemen 1 0 0 1 0 1 −1
 Zambia 79 19 17 43 68 170 −102
 Zanzibar 15 12 2 1 34 10 +24
 Zimbabwe 64 18 21 25 60 82 −22
Total 620 212 182 226 746 798 −52

References[edit]

  1. ^ "The FIFA/Coca-Cola World Ranking". FIFA. 4 April 2024. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ^ Elo rankings change compared to one year ago. "World Football Elo Ratings". eloratings.net. 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
  4. ^ "Throw Back Thursday with Mario Malawi Coaches Records... Compiled by Louis Alec Mario Antoine". Facebook. 17 January 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  5. ^ Antoine, M. (2022). A History of Nyasaland and Malawi Football: Volume 1 1935 to 1969. AuthorHouse UK. p. 1-PA2. ISBN 978-1-6655-9839-2. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  6. ^ "Splidsboel heads home". BBC SPORT. 27 November 2002. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  7. ^ "Mabedi gets down to work as he names provisional squad for Ethiopia Match, Football Association of Malawi May 19th, 2023". 19 May 2023. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  8. ^ "MABEDI NAMES PROVISIONAL SQUAD FOR 4 NATIONS TOURNEY". Football Association of Malawi. 1 March 2024.
  9. ^ Mamrud, Roberto. "Malawi – Record International Players". RSSSF. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  10. ^ "World Football Elo Ratings: Malawi". Elo Ratings. Archived from the original on 18 July 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2017.

External links[edit]