Nivôse

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Nivôse (French pronunciation: [nivoz]; also Nivose) was the fourth month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the Latin word nivosus, which means snowy.

Nivôse was the first month of the winter quarter (mois d'hiver). It started between 21 and 23 December. It ended between 19 and 21 January. It follows the Frimaire and precedes the Pluviôse.

The new names for the calendar were suggested by Fabre d'Églantine on 24 October 1793. On 24 November the National Convention accepted the names with minor changes. So it was decided to omit the circumflex (accent circonflexe) in the names of the winter months. So the month was named Nivose instead of Nivôse. Historiography still prefers the spelling Nivôse.


3 Nivôse III
 
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 10
1 Sunday
21 December 1794
2 Monday
22 December 1794
3 Tuesday
23 December 1794
4 Wednesday
24 December 1794
5 Thursday
25 December 1794
6 Friday
26 December 1794
7 Saturday
27 December 1794
8 Sunday
28 December 1794
9 Monday
29 December 1794
10 Tuesday
30 December 1794
décade 11
11 Wednesday
31 December 1794
12 Thursday
1 January 1795
13 Friday
2 January 1795
14 Saturday
3 January 1795
15 Sunday
4 January 1795
16 Monday
5 January 1795
17 Tuesday
6 January 1795
18 Wednesday
7 January 1795
19 Thursday
8 January 1795
20 Friday
9 January 1795
décade 12
21 Saturday
10 January 1795
22 Sunday
11 January 1795
23 Monday
12 January 1795
24 Tuesday
13 January 1795
25 Wednesday
14 January 1795
26 Thursday
15 January 1795
27 Friday
16 January 1795
28 Saturday
17 January 1795
29 Sunday
18 January 1795
30 Monday
19 January 1795
10 h
Paris
4h31m37s
Nivôse
Nivôse
10:11:50
24 h
Greenwich


Conversion between Republican and Gregorian calendar for the years I - XIV
1 Nivôse I
 
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 10
1 Friday
21 December 1792
2 Saturday
22 December 1792
3 Sunday
23 December 1792
4 Monday
24 December 1792
5 Tuesday
25 December 1792
6 Wednesday
26 December 1792
7 Thursday
27 December 1792
8 Friday
28 December 1792
9 Saturday
29 December 1792
10 Sunday
30 December 1792
décade 11
11 Monday
31 December 1792
12 Tuesday
1 January 1793
13 Wednesday
2 January 1793
14 Thursday
3 January 1793
15 Friday
4 January 1793
16 Saturday
5 January 1793
17 Sunday
6 January 1793
18 Monday
7 January 1793
19 Tuesday
8 January 1793
20 Wednesday
9 January 1793
décade 12
21 Thursday
10 January 1793
22 Friday
11 January 1793
23 Saturday
12 January 1793
24 Sunday
13 January 1793
25 Monday
14 January 1793
26 Tuesday
15 January 1793
27 Wednesday
16 January 1793
28 Thursday
17 January 1793
29 Friday
18 January 1793
30 Saturday
19 January 1793
10 h
Paris
4:24:88
Nivôse
Nivôse
10:11:50
24 h
Greenwich
2 Nivôse II
 
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 10
1 Saturday
21 December 1793
2 Sunday
22 December 1793
3 Monday
23 December 1793
4 Tuesday
24 December 1793
5 Wednesday
25 December 1793
6 Thursday
26 December 1793
7 Friday
27 December 1793
8 Saturday
28 December 1793
9 Sunday
29 December 1793
10 Monday
30 December 1793
décade 11
11 Tuesday
31 December 1793
12 Wednesday
1 January 1794
13 Thursday
2 January 1794
14 Friday
3 January 1794
15 Saturday
4 January 1794
16 Sunday
5 January 1794
17 Monday
6 January 1794
18 Tuesday
7 January 1794
19 Wednesday
8 January 1794
20 Thursday
9 January 1794
décade 12
21 Friday
10 January 1794
22 Saturday
11 January 1794
23 Sunday
12 January 1794
24 Monday
13 January 1794
25 Tuesday
14 January 1794
26 Wednesday
15 January 1794
27 Thursday
16 January 1794
28 Friday
17 January 1794
29 Saturday
18 January 1794
30 Sunday
19 January 1794
10 h
Paris
4:24:88
Nivôse
Nivôse
10:11:50
24 h
Greenwich
3 Nivôse III
 
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 10
1 Sunday
21 December 1794
2 Monday
22 December 1794
3 Tuesday
23 December 1794
4 Wednesday
24 December 1794
5 Thursday
25 December 1794
6 Friday
26 December 1794
7 Saturday
27 December 1794
8 Sunday
28 December 1794
9 Monday
29 December 1794
10 Tuesday
30 December 1794
décade 11
11 Wednesday
31 December 1794
12 Thursday
1 January 1795
13 Friday
2 January 1795
14 Saturday
3 January 1795
15 Sunday
4 January 1795
16 Monday
5 January 1795
17 Tuesday
6 January 1795
18 Wednesday
7 January 1795
19 Thursday
8 January 1795
20 Friday
9 January 1795
décade 12
21 Saturday
10 January 1795
22 Sunday
11 January 1795
23 Monday
12 January 1795
24 Tuesday
13 January 1795
25 Wednesday
14 January 1795
26 Thursday
15 January 1795
27 Friday
16 January 1795
28 Saturday
17 January 1795
29 Sunday
18 January 1795
30 Monday
19 January 1795
10 h
Paris
4:24:88
Nivôse
Nivôse
10:11:50
24 h
Greenwich
4 Nivôse IV
 
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 10
1 Tuesday
22 December 1795
2 Wednesday
23 December 1795
3 Thursday
24 December 1795
4 Friday
25 December 1795
5 Saturday
26 December 1795
6 Sunday
27 December 1795
7 Monday
28 December 1795
8 Tuesday
29 December 1795
9 Wednesday
30 December 1795
10 Thursday
31 December 1795
décade 11
11 Friday
1 January 1796
12 Saturday
2 January 1796
13 Sunday
3 January 1796
14 Monday
4 January 1796
15 Tuesday
5 January 1796
16 Wednesday
6 January 1796
17 Thursday
7 January 1796
18 Friday
8 January 1796
19 Saturday
9 January 1796
20 Sunday
10 January 1796
décade 12
21 Monday
11 January 1796
22 Tuesday
12 January 1796
23 Wednesday
13 January 1796
24 Thursday
14 January 1796
25 Friday
15 January 1796
26 Saturday
16 January 1796
27 Sunday
17 January 1796
28 Monday
18 January 1796
29 Tuesday
19 January 1796
30 Wednesday
20 January 1796
10 h
Paris
4:24:88
Nivôse
Nivôse
10:11:50
24 h
Greenwich
5 Nivôse V
 
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 10
1 Wednesday
21 December 1796
2 Thursday
22 December 1796
3 Friday
23 December 1796
4 Saturday
24 December 1796
5 Sunday
25 December 1796
6 Monday
26 December 1796
7 Tuesday
27 December 1796
8 Wednesday
28 December 1796
9 Thursday
29 December 1796
10 Friday
30 December 1796
décade 11
11 Saturday
31 December 1796
12 Sunday
1 January 1797
13 Monday
2 January 1797
14 Tuesday
3 January 1797
15 Wednesday
4 January 1797
16 Thursday
5 January 1797
17 Friday
6 January 1797
18 Saturday
7 January 1797
19 Sunday
8 January 1797
20 Monday
9 January 1797
décade 12
21 Tuesday
10 January 1797
22 Wednesday
11 January 1797
23 Thursday
12 January 1797
24 Friday
13 January 1797
25 Saturday
14 January 1797
26 Sunday
15 January 1797
27 Monday
16 January 1797
28 Tuesday
17 January 1797
29 Wednesday
18 January 1797
30 Thursday
19 January 1797
10 h
Paris
4:24:88
Nivôse
Nivôse
10:11:50
24 h
Greenwich
6 Nivôse VI
 
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 10
1 Thursday
21 December 1797
2 Friday
22 December 1797
3 Saturday
23 December 1797
4 Sunday
24 December 1797
5 Monday
25 December 1797
6 Tuesday
26 December 1797
7 Wednesday
27 December 1797
8 Thursday
28 December 1797
9 Friday
29 December 1797
10 Saturday
30 December 1797
décade 11
11 Sunday
31 December 1797
12 Monday
1 January 1798
13 Tuesday
2 January 1798
14 Wednesday
3 January 1798
15 Thursday
4 January 1798
16 Friday
5 January 1798
17 Saturday
6 January 1798
18 Sunday
7 January 1798
19 Monday
8 January 1798
20 Tuesday
9 January 1798
décade 12
21 Wednesday
10 January 1798
22 Thursday
11 January 1798
23 Friday
12 January 1798
24 Saturday
13 January 1798
25 Sunday
14 January 1798
26 Monday
15 January 1798
27 Tuesday
16 January 1798
28 Wednesday
17 January 1798
29 Thursday
18 January 1798
30 Friday
19 January 1798
10 h
Paris
4:24:88
Nivôse
Nivôse
10:11:50
24 h
Greenwich
7 Nivôse VII
 
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 10
1 Friday
21 December 1798
2 Saturday
22 December 1798
3 Sunday
23 December 1798
4 Monday
24 December 1798
5 Tuesday
25 December 1798
6 Wednesday
26 December 1798
7 Thursday
27 December 1798
8 Friday
28 December 1798
9 Saturday
29 December 1798
10 Sunday
30 December 1798
décade 11
11 Monday
31 December 1798
12 Tuesday
1 January 1799
13 Wednesday
2 January 1799
14 Thursday
3 January 1799
15 Friday
4 January 1799
16 Saturday
5 January 1799
17 Sunday
6 January 1799
18 Monday
7 January 1799
19 Tuesday
8 January 1799
20 Wednesday
9 January 1799
décade 12
21 Thursday
10 January 1799
22 Friday
11 January 1799
23 Saturday
12 January 1799
24 Sunday
13 January 1799
25 Monday
14 January 1799
26 Tuesday
15 January 1799
27 Wednesday
16 January 1799
28 Thursday
17 January 1799
29 Friday
18 January 1799
30 Saturday
19 January 1799
10 h
Paris
4:24:88
Nivôse
Nivôse
10:11:50
24 h
Greenwich
8 Nivôse VIII
 
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 10
1 Sunday
22 December 1799
2 Monday
23 December 1799
3 Tuesday
24 December 1799
4 Wednesday
25 December 1799
5 Thursday
26 December 1799
6 Friday
27 December 1799
7 Saturday
28 December 1799
8 Sunday
29 December 1799
9 Monday
30 December 1799
10 Tuesday
31 December 1799
décade 11
11 Wednesday
1 January 1800
12 Thursday
2 January 1800
13 Friday
3 January 1800
14 Saturday
4 January 1800
15 Sunday
5 January 1800
16 Monday
6 January 1800
17 Tuesday
7 January 1800
18 Wednesday
8 January 1800
19 Thursday
9 January 1800
20 Friday
10 January 1800
décade 12
21 Saturday
11 January 1800
22 Sunday
12 January 1800
23 Monday
13 January 1800
24 Tuesday
14 January 1800
25 Wednesday
15 January 1800
26 Thursday
16 January 1800
27 Friday
17 January 1800
28 Saturday
18 January 1800
29 Sunday
19 January 1800
30 Monday
20 January 1800
10 h
Paris
4:24:88
Nivôse
Nivôse
10:11:50
24 h
Greenwich
9 Nivôse IX
 
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 10
1 Monday
22 December 1800
2 Tuesday
23 December 1800
3 Wednesday
24 December 1800
4 Thursday
25 December 1800
5 Friday
26 December 1800
6 Saturday
27 December 1800
7 Sunday
28 December 1800
8 Monday
29 December 1800
9 Tuesday
30 December 1800
10 Wednesday
31 December 1800
décade 11
11 Thursday
1 January 1801
12 Friday
2 January 1801
13 Saturday
3 January 1801
14 Sunday
4 January 1801
15 Monday
5 January 1801
16 Tuesday
6 January 1801
17 Wednesday
7 January 1801
18 Thursday
8 January 1801
19 Friday
9 January 1801
20 Saturday
10 January 1801
décade 12
21 Sunday
11 January 1801
22 Monday
12 January 1801
23 Tuesday
13 January 1801
24 Wednesday
14 January 1801
25 Thursday
15 January 1801
26 Friday
16 January 1801
27 Saturday
17 January 1801
28 Sunday
18 January 1801
29 Monday
19 January 1801
30 Tuesday
20 January 1801
10 h
Paris
4:24:88
Nivôse
Nivôse
10:11:50
24 h
Greenwich
10 Nivôse X
 
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 10
1 Tuesday
22 December 1801
2 Wednesday
23 December 1801
3 Thursday
24 December 1801
4 Friday
25 December 1801
5 Saturday
26 December 1801
6 Sunday
27 December 1801
7 Monday
28 December 1801
8 Tuesday
29 December 1801
9 Wednesday
30 December 1801
10 Thursday
31 December 1801
décade 11
11 Friday
1 January 1802
12 Saturday
2 January 1802
13 Sunday
3 January 1802
14 Monday
4 January 1802
15 Tuesday
5 January 1802
16 Wednesday
6 January 1802
17 Thursday
7 January 1802
18 Friday
8 January 1802
19 Saturday
9 January 1802
20 Sunday
10 January 1802
décade 12
21 Monday
11 January 1802
22 Tuesday
12 January 1802
23 Wednesday
13 January 1802
24 Thursday
14 January 1802
25 Friday
15 January 1802
26 Saturday
16 January 1802
27 Sunday
17 January 1802
28 Monday
18 January 1802
29 Tuesday
19 January 1802
30 Wednesday
20 January 1802
10 h
Paris
4:24:88
Nivôse
Nivôse
10:11:50
24 h
Greenwich
11 Nivôse XI
 
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 10
1 Wednesday
22 December 1802
2 Thursday
23 December 1802
3 Friday
24 December 1802
4 Saturday
25 December 1802
5 Sunday
26 December 1802
6 Monday
27 December 1802
7 Tuesday
28 December 1802
8 Wednesday
29 December 1802
9 Thursday
30 December 1802
10 Friday
31 December 1802
décade 11
11 Saturday
1 January 1803
12 Sunday
2 January 1803
13 Monday
3 January 1803
14 Tuesday
4 January 1803
15 Wednesday
5 January 1803
16 Thursday
6 January 1803
17 Friday
7 January 1803
18 Saturday
8 January 1803
19 Sunday
9 January 1803
20 Monday
10 January 1803
décade 12
21 Tuesday
11 January 1803
22 Wednesday
12 January 1803
23 Thursday
13 January 1803
24 Friday
14 January 1803
25 Saturday
15 January 1803
26 Sunday
16 January 1803
27 Monday
17 January 1803
28 Tuesday
18 January 1803
29 Wednesday
19 January 1803
30 Thursday
20 January 1803
10 h
Paris
4:24:88
Nivôse
Nivôse
10:11:50
24 h
Greenwich
12 Nivôse XII
 
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 10
1 Friday
23 December 1803
2 Saturday
24 December 1803
3 Sunday
25 December 1803
4 Monday
26 December 1803
5 Tuesday
27 December 1803
6 Wednesday
28 December 1803
7 Thursday
29 December 1803
8 Friday
30 December 1803
9 Saturday
31 December 1803
10 Sunday
1 January 1804
décade 11
11 Monday
2 January 1804
12 Tuesday
3 January 1804
13 Wednesday
4 January 1804
14 Thursday
5 January 1804
15 Friday
6 January 1804
16 Saturday
7 January 1804
17 Sunday
8 January 1804
18 Monday
9 January 1804
19 Tuesday
10 January 1804
20 Wednesday
11 January 1804
décade 12
21 Thursday
12 January 1804
22 Friday
13 January 1804
23 Saturday
14 January 1804
24 Sunday
15 January 1804
25 Monday
16 January 1804
26 Tuesday
17 January 1804
27 Wednesday
18 January 1804
28 Thursday
19 January 1804
29 Friday
20 January 1804
30 Saturday
21 January 1804
10 h
Paris
4:24:88
Nivôse
Nivôse
10:11:50
24 h
Greenwich
13 Nivôse XIII
 
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 10
1 Saturday
22 December 1804
2 Sunday
23 December 1804
3 Monday
24 December 1804
4 Tuesday
25 December 1804
5 Wednesday
26 December 1804
6 Thursday
27 December 1804
7 Friday
28 December 1804
8 Saturday
29 December 1804
9 Sunday
30 December 1804
10 Monday
31 December 1804
décade 11
11 Tuesday
1 January 1805
12 Wednesday
2 January 1805
13 Thursday
3 January 1805
14 Friday
4 January 1805
15 Saturday
5 January 1805
16 Sunday
6 January 1805
17 Monday
7 January 1805
18 Tuesday
8 January 1805
19 Wednesday
9 January 1805
20 Thursday
10 January 1805
décade 12
21 Friday
11 January 1805
22 Saturday
12 January 1805
23 Sunday
13 January 1805
24 Monday
14 January 1805
25 Tuesday
15 January 1805
26 Wednesday
16 January 1805
27 Thursday
17 January 1805
28 Friday
18 January 1805
29 Saturday
19 January 1805
30 Sunday
20 January 1805
10 h
Paris
4:24:88
Nivôse
Nivôse
10:11:50
24 h
Greenwich
14 Nivôse XIV
 
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 10
1 Sunday
22 December 1805
2 Monday
23 December 1805
3 Tuesday
24 December 1805
4 Wednesday
25 December 1805
5 Thursday
26 December 1805
6 Friday
27 December 1805
7 Saturday
28 December 1805
8 Sunday
29 December 1805
9 Monday
30 December 1805
10 Tuesday
31 December 1805
décade 11
11 Wednesday
1 January 1806
12 Thursday
2 January 1806
13 Friday
3 January 1806
14 Saturday
4 January 1806
15 Sunday
5 January 1806
16 Monday
6 January 1806
17 Tuesday
7 January 1806
18 Wednesday
8 January 1806
19 Thursday
9 January 1806
20 Friday
10 January 1806
décade 12
21 Saturday
11 January 1806
22 Sunday
12 January 1806
23 Monday
13 January 1806
24 Tuesday
14 January 1806
25 Wednesday
15 January 1806
26 Thursday
16 January 1806
27 Friday
17 January 1806
28 Saturday
18 January 1806
29 Sunday
19 January 1806
30 Monday
20 January 1806
10 h
Paris
4:24:88
Nivôse
Nivôse
10:11:50
24 h
Greenwich

Day name table[edit]

Like all months in the French Republican Calendar, Nivôse lasted 30 days and was divided into three 10-day weeks called décades (decades). The 5th (Quintidi) day of every decade was named after a domestic animal, the 10th day (Decadi) after an agricultural tool (Decadi). Different from the other months the rest of the days were not named after an agricultural plant, but after a mineral or animal substance. Fabre d'Églantine says about this topic:

"In Nivôse earth is sealed and usually covered with snow. At this time earth is resting and there are no herbal agriculture products to characterize this month. We rather took names of animal and mineral substances of agricultural use."
  1re Décade 2e Décade 3e Décade
Primidi 1. Tourbe (Peat) 11. Granit (Granite) 21. Pierre à plâtre (Gypsum)
Duodi 2. Houille (Coal) 12. Argile (Clay) 22. Sel (Salt)
Tridi 3. Bitume (Asphalt) 13. Ardoise (Slate) 23. Fer (Iron)
Quartidi 4. Soufre (Sulphur) 14. Grès (Sandstone) 24. Cuivre (Copper)
Quintidi 5. Chien (Dog) 15. Lapin (Coney) 25. Chat (Cat)
Sextidi 6. Lave (Lava) 16. Silex (Flint) 26. Étain (Tin)
Septidi 7. Terre végétale (Topsoil) 17. Marne (Marl) 27. Plomb (Lead)
Octidi 8. Fumier (Manure) 18. Pierre à chaux (Limestone) 28. Zinc (Zinc)
Nonidi 9. Salpêtre (Nitrate) 19. Marbre (Marble) 29. Mercure (Mercury)
Decadi 10. Fléau (Flail) 20. Van (Winnowing Basket) 30. Crible (Sieve)

Conversion table[edit]

Table for conversion between Republican and Gregorian Calendar
for the month "Nivôse"
I. II. III. V. VI. VII.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
December 1792–1793 1793–1794 1794–1795 1796–1797 1797–1798 1798–1799 January
IV. VIII. IX. X. XI. XIII. XIV.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
December 1795–1796 1799–1800 1800–1801 1801–1802 1802–1803 1804–1805 1805 January
XII.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
December 1803–1804 January

External links[edit]