List of wars: 1800–1899

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This article provides a list of wars occurring between 1800 and 1899. Conflicts of this era include the Napoleonic Wars in Europe, the American Civil War in North America, the Taiping Rebellion in Asia, the Paraguayan War in South America, the Zulu War in Africa, and the Australian frontier wars in Oceania.

1800–1810[edit]

Start Finish Name of conflict Belligerents
Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)
1765 1865 Temne War[1]  British Empire
Susu Tribes
Kingdom of Koya
1801 1805 Tripolitan War  United States
Sweden Sweden (until 1802)
Sicily
Tripolitania
Morocco (1802)
1801 1801 War of the Oranges
Part of the War of the Second Coalition
 France

Spain Spain

 Portugal
1802 1805 Fourth quarter of the Haitian Revolution Haiti  France
1802 1802 Sack of Karbala Diriyah Ottoman Empire
1802 1802 Stecklikrieg  Helvetic Republic Federalist rebels
1802 1810 Tedbury's War  British Empire Australian Aborigines
1803 1803 Souliote War Ottoman Empire Souliotes
1803 1803 Irish Rebellion of 1803  British Empire Society of United Irishmen
1803 1805 Second Anglo-Maratha War British East India Company  Maratha Empire
1803 1805 Burmese–Siamese War (1803–05) Konbaung dynasty Siam
1803 1805 First Kandyan War  British Empire Kingdom of Kandy
1803 1815 Napoleonic Wars France and allies:
French First Republic French Republic (until 1804)
First French Empire French Empire (from 1804)

1803 1806 War of the Third Coalition
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
French Empire and allies:

 France
 Batavian Republic
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) Italy
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) Etruria
Spain Spain
Kingdom of Bavaria Bavaria
Kingdom of Württemberg Württemberg

 Austrian Empire

 Russian Empire
 United Kingdom
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Naples and Sicily
Sweden Sweden

1803 1837 Padri War
Adats
 Netherlands
Padris
1804 1804 1804 Mtiuleti rebellion  Russian Empire Georgian and Ossetian rebels
1804 1804 Battle of Suriname  United Kingdom  Batavian Republic
1804 1804 Battle of Sitka
Part of the Russian colonization of the Americas
 Russian Empire Tlingit
1804 1813 First Serbian Uprising
Part of the Serbian Revolution
 Ottoman Empire

 France

Revolutionary Serbia

Austrian Empire Volunteers from Habsburg monarchy
 Russian Empire

1804 1804 Uprising against the Dahije
Part of the First Serbian Uprising
Karađorđe Dahije
1804 1804 Castle Hill convict rebellion United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland New South Wales Convicts
1804 1808 Fulani War Sokoto Caliphate Hausa Kingdoms
1804 1813 Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
 Russian Empire Qajar dynasty
1805 1811 Egyptian Revolution
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
Albanian forces of Muhammad Ali Ottoman Empire

Mamluk Forces

1805 1805 Janissaries' Revolt Ottoman Empire Janissaries
1805 1810 Franco-Swedish War
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
 France Sweden Sweden
1805 1805 Haitian invasion of Santo Domingo  France

Spain Spain

Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
First Empire of Haiti
1806 1807 War of the Fourth Coalition
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
French Empire and allies:

 France
Confederation of the Rhine

 Bavaria
 Württemberg
 Saxony (from Dec.1806)

Polish Legions
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) Italy
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Naples
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) Etruria
Netherlands Holland
Swiss Confederation
Spain Spain

 Prussia

 Russia
 United Kingdom
 Saxony (1806 only)
Sweden Sweden
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Sicily

1806 1812 Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
 Russian Empire Ottoman Empire
1806 1807 British invasions of the Río de la Plata Spain Spain

Río de la Plata Viceroyalty

 United Kingdom
1806 1807 Ashanti–Fante War  Ashanti Empire

Netherlands Holland

Fante Confederacy

 United Kingdom

1806 1811 War of Christophe's Secession Forces of Henri Christophe Forces of Alexandre Pétion
1806 1806 Vellore Mutiny British East India Company Vellore Sepoys
1807 1809 Anglo-Turkish War (1807–1809)
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
Ottoman Empire  United Kingdom
1807 1807 Alexandria expedition of 1807 Egypt  British Empire
1807 1807 Tican's rebellion  Austrian Empire Serbian Rebels
1807 1807 Froberg mutiny  British Empire Navy Mutineers
1807 1807 Brazilian slave revolt of 1807 Colonial Brazil Rebels
1807 1808 Janissaries' Revolt Ottoman Empire Janissaries
1807 1814 Gunboat War
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
 United Kingdom  Denmark–Norway
1807 1812 Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812)
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
 United Kingdom  Russian Empire
1807 1807 Basi Revolt Spain Rebels
1807 1814 Peninsular War
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
 Portugal
 United Kingdom
Spain
 France
1807 1818 Mtetwa Empire Expansion Mthethwa Paramountcy Other Tribes
1807 1842 New Zealand Musket Wars Māori Māori
1807 1808 Ottoman coups of 1807–08 Pro-reform factions Anti-reform factions
Janissaries
1808 1810 Rum Rebellion  United Kingdom New South Wales Corps
1808 1809 Finnish War  Russian Empire Sweden Sweden
1808 1809 Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
Spain

Santo Domingo
 British Empire

 France
1808 1809 Dano-Swedish War of 1808–09
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
 Denmark–Norway
 France
Sweden Sweden
 United Kingdom
1808 1809 Travancore Rebellion  British Empire  Travancore
Kingdom of Cochin
1809 1809 Gurkha-Sikh War Sikh Empire  Nepal
1809 1809 Persian Gulf campaign of 1809  United Kingdom
East India Company
Al Qasimi
1809 1809 Coup of 1809 Men of 1809 Sweden Sweden
1809 1809 War of the Fifth Coalition
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
 France

Duchy of Warsaw
Confederation of the Rhine

 Kingdom of Bavaria
Saxony
 Württemberg
Kingdom of Westphalia Westphalia

Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) Italy
Naples
Swiss Confederation
Netherlands Holland

 Austria

Tyrol
Hungary
 United Kingdom
Kingdom of Prussia Black Brunswickers
Sardinia
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Sicily

1809 1809 1809 Gottscheer Rebellion  France Gottschee peasants
1809 1809 Tyrol Rebellion
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
 Kingdom of Bavaria

 First French Empire
Kingdom of Italy

 Austrian Empire

Tyrolean Rebels

1809 1812 Quito Revolution (1809-1812)
Part of the Spanish American wars of independence
 Spain Rebels
1809 1812 Burmese–Siamese War (1809–1812) Siam Burmese Empire
1809 1825 Bolivian War of Independence
Part of the Spanish American wars of independence
 Bolivia  Spain

1810–1819[edit]

Start Finish Name of conflict Belligerents
Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)
1810 1818 Argentine War of Independence
Part of the Spanish American wars of independence
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata

 Chile

Spanish Empire Spain
1810 1811 Tecumseh's War
Part of the War of 1812
 United States
Chief Black Hoof
Tecumseh's Confederacy
1810 1810 US occupation of West Florida  United States Spanish Empire Spain
1810 1820 Punjab War Sikh Empire British East India Company

 British Empire

1810 1826 Chilean War of Independence
Part of the Spanish American wars of independence
 Chile

United Provinces of the Río de la Plata

Spanish Empire Spain
Mapuche allies
1810 1810 Conquest of Hawaii Kingdom of Hawaii Other Hawaiian Tribes
1810 1818 Amadu's Jihad Forces of Seku Amadu Bamana Empire
1810 1821 Mexican War of Independence
Part of the Spanish American wars of independence
Mexican Army Spanish Empire Spain
1811 1812 Cambodian rebellion (1811–12) Cambodian pro-Siamese faction
Rattanakosin Kingdom (Siam)
Cambodian pro-Vietnamese faction
Nguyễn dynasty (Vietnam)
1811 1811 Battle of Khakeekera Bahrain

Kuwait

Diriyah
1811 1811 1811 German Coast uprising  United States Rebel Slaves
1811 1811 Invasion of Java (1811) British East India Company  France
1811 1811 Tonquin incident  United States Tla-o-qui-aht
1811 1812 Fourth Xhosa War British Empire Cape Colony Xhosa Tribes
1811 1811 Ga–Fante War Fante Confederacy

Akwapim Tribes
Akim Tribes

 Ashanti Empire

Ga Tribes
 British Empire
 Dutch Empire

1811 1815 Arakanese Uprising[5] Burmese Empire Rohingya Insurgents
1811 1811 Battle of Las Piedras
Part of the Spanish American wars of independence
Uruguay Forces of José Gervasio Artigas Spanish Empire Spain
1811 1812 Cambodian Rebellion Viet Nam

Kingdom of Cambodia

Forces of Khmer Pretender Ang Snguon

Siam

1811 1811 Paraguayan Revolt Paraguay Viceroyalty of Peru
1811 1818 Wahhabi War Ottoman Empire First Saudi State
1811 1823 Venezuelan War of Independence
Part of the Spanish American wars of independence
 Venezuela
 Gran Colombia
 British Empire

New Granada

Spain Spain
1811 1826 Peruvian War of Independence
Part of the Spanish American wars of independence
 Peru
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
 Gran Colombia

 Chile
British Empire British Empire

Spanish Empire Spain
1812 1812 Battle of Shela Lamu Mombasa
Pate
1812 1812 Hong Gyeong-Rae's Rebellion Joseon dynasty Forces loyal to Hong Gyeong-nae
1812 1812 Aponte conspiracy Spanish Empire Spain Slaves
1812 1812 French invasion of Russia
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
 Russian Empire  France

Allies:
 Austria
 Prussia

1812 1814 War of the Sixth Coalition
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
Original Coalition:
 Russian Empire
 Kingdom of Prussia
 Austrian Empire
Sweden in Union with Norway
 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Spain Spain
Kingdom of Portugal
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Sicily
Kingdom of Sardinia
After Battle of Leipzig:
Kingdom of Saxony
 Kingdom of Bavaria
 Württemberg
 France
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)
Duchy of Warsaw
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Naples
Until January 1814
 Denmark–Norway
Swiss Confederation
Confederation of the Rhine
(Many member states defected after Battle of Leipzig)
1812 1815 War of 1812 British Empire
  • British Empire

United States

British Empire
  • British Empire

United States

1812 1821 Pemmican War North West Company
Métis
Hudson's Bay Company
Selkirk's settlers
1813 1813 Eight Trigrams uprising of 1813  Qing dynasty Eight Trigram Sect
1813 1837 Afghan-Sikh Wars Sikh Empire Durrani Empire
Emirate of Afghanistan
1813 1814 Creek War  United States

Lower Creeks
Cherokees
Choctaws

"Red Sticks" (Creek Indians)
1813 1813 Peoria War  United States Kickapoo Nation
Potawatomi Nation
1814 1814 Brazilian slave revolt of 1814 Colonial Brazil Rebels
1814 1814 Swedish–Norwegian War
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
 Sweden  Norway
1814 1816 Anglo-Nepalese War British East India Company

Forces of the Chogyal

 Nepal
1814 1816 Ashanti–Akim–Akwapim War  Ashanti Empire Akwapim Tribes

Akim Tribes

1814 1814 Hadži Prodan's Revolt
Part of the Serbian Revolution
Ottoman Empire Serbia Forces of Hadži Prodan Gligorijevic
1814 1880 Argentine Civil Wars Federalists
Blancos
Unitarios
Colorados
1815 1815 Slachter's Nek Rebellion  United Kingdom Boer Rebels
1815 1815 Second Barbary War  United States

 United Kingdom of the Netherlands
 United Kingdom (from 1815)

Barbary States
Ottoman Empire
1815 1815 Second Kandyan War  British Empire Kingdom of Kandy
1815 1815 Hundred Days
War of the Seventh Coalition
 United Kingdom

 Kingdom of Prussia
France Kingdom of France
Kingdom of Hanover
German Confederation
 Austrian Empire
 Russian Empire
 Sweden
 Netherlands
Spain Spain
Kingdom of Portugal
Kingdom of Sardinia
 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Grand Duchy of Tuscany

 First French Empire

Napoleonic Kingdom of Naples

1815 1815 Neapolitan War
Part of the Hundred Days
 Austrian Empire

 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Grand Duchy of Tuscany
 United Kingdom

Napoleonic Kingdom of Naples
1815 1815 Temne-Susu War[6] Kingdom of Koya Susu Tribes
1815 1816 Spanish reconquest of New Granada
Part of the Spanish American wars of independence
Spanish Empire Spanish Empire United Provinces of New Granada
1815 1817 Second Serbian Uprising
Part of the Serbian Revolution
Serbia Principality of Serbia Ottoman Empire
1816 1816 Bussa's Rebellion  British Empire Barbadian slaves
1816 1816 Bombardment of Algiers  British Empire Ottoman Empire
1816 1820 Luso-Brazilian conquest of the Banda Oriental Portugal United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves Federal League
1816 1857 Afaqi Khoja revolts Qing dynasty Qing dynasty Aq Taghlik Khojas

Supported by: Kokand Khanate

1817 1817 Pernambucan Revolt Portugal United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves Pernambuco rebels
1817 1817 Pentrich rising  British Empire Tax resisters
1817 1818 Third Anglo-Maratha War British East India Company  Maratha Confederacy
1817 1818 First Seminole War
Part of the Seminole Wars
 United States Seminole Tribes
1817 1818 Uva Rebellion  British Empire Kingdom of Kandy
1817 1819 Ndwandwe–Zulu War Forces of Shaka Zulu Forces of King Zwide
1817 1826 Burmese invasions of Assam Burmese Empire Kingdom of Ahom
Kingdom of Manipur
1817 1864 Caucasian War  Russian Empire Avar Khanate

Circassia
Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
Caucasian Imamate
Other Tribes of the North Caucasus

1818 1818 Akure–Benin War Benin Empire Benin Kingdom Akure Kingdom
1818 1819 Fifth Xhosa War  British Empire

Khoikhoi Forces

Forces of Xhosa Chief Maqana Nxele
1818 1828 Zulu wars of conquest Zulu Kingdom Other remnants of the Mtetwa Paramountcy
1819 1820 Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada
Part of the Venezuelan War of Independence
United Provinces of New Granada Spain Spain
1819 1819 Chuguev uprising  Russian Empire Chuguev Regiment

1820–1829[edit]

Start Finish Name of conflict Belligerents
Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)
1820 1820 Revolution of 1820 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Carbonari
1820 1820 Cambodian rebellion (1820) Cambodian pro-Siamese faction
Rattanakosin Kingdom (Siam)
Khmer anti-Vietnamese rebels
1820 1824 Turco-Egyptian conquest of Sudan (1820-1824) Ottoman Empire Egypt Eyalet
Funj Sultanate

Sultanate of Darfur Shaigiya tribe

1820 1821 Bani Bu Ali expedition Omani Empire
East India Company
Bani Bu Ali tribe
1820 1822 Ali Pasha's Revolt  Ottoman Empire Ali Pasha of Yanina
1820 1822 Ecuadorian War of Independence
Part of the Spanish American wars of independence
Free Province of Guayaquil Spain Kingdom of Spain
1820 1823 Trienio Liberal Spain Kingdom of Spain
France Kingdom of France
Spain Partisans of the Cortes
1820 1875 Texas–Indian wars  Spain
 Mexico
 Republic of Texas
 United States
Comanche
1821 1821 Siamese invasion of Kedah Rattanakosin Kingdom Kedah Sultanate
1821 1825 Ijebu and Ife war against Owu Ijebu

Ife

Owu Kingdom
1821 1821 Wallachian uprising (1821) Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Wallachia Principality of Wallachia
1821 1821 Niš Rebellion (1821)  Ottoman Empire Niš Secret Organization
1821 1823 Ottoman–Persian War (1821–23) Qajar Persia  Ottoman Empire
1821 1829 Greek War of Independence Greece Greek revolutionaries

 Britain

United States of the Ionian Islands

France Kingdom of France (1827 only)
 Russian Empire (1827 only)

 Ottoman Empire
1821 1837 Padri War  Dutch Empire Indigenous population of West Sumatra
1821 1829 Spanish attempts to reconquer Mexico  Mexico Spain Spanish Empire
1821 1870 Comanche–Mexico Wars Comanche
Kiowa
Mexico Mexico
1821 1821 1821 Alghero revolt[7] Kingdom of Sardinia Rebels of Alghero
1822 1823 Mexican annexation of El Salvador  First Mexican Empire
Guatemala
 El Salvador
1822 1823 Casa Mata Plan Revolution Mexican Republicans  First Mexican Empire
1822 1825 Brazilian War of Independence  Empire of Brazil Portugal Kingdom of Portugal
1822 1844 Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo Republic of Spanish Haiti Haiti
1823 1823 Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis  France
Spain Armée de la Foi
Spain Partisans of the Cortes
1823 1823 Ochomogo War
Part of the Mexican annexation of Central America
Republicans Imperialists
1823 1823 Demerara rebellion of 1823  British Empire Demerara slaves
1823 1823 Expedition to the West Coast of Borneo Royal Netherlands East Company Chinese Indonesian rebels
1823 1823 Revolt of Querétaro Provisional Government of Mexico Mexican Empire
1823 1831 First Anglo-Ashanti War  Ashanti Empire  British Empire
1823 1824 First Greek civil war Greece Primates and supporters of the Government Military leaders and supporters of Philiki Etaireia
1824 1824 Chumash revolt of 1824
1824 1824 Bathurst War  British Empire Wiradjuri
1824 1824 Confederation of the Equator Revolt  Empire of Brazil Confederation of the Equator
1824 1824 First Bone War  Dutch Empire Sulawesi Rebels
1824 1824 April Revolt Absolutists Liberals
1824 1825 Second Greek civil war Roumeliotes and Islanders (Hydra) Moreotes
1824 1826 First Anglo-Burmese War  Britain
British East India Company
Native Tribes
Burmese Empire
1825 1841 Uprising in the Yamal tundra [ru]  Russian Empire Indigenous rebels
1825 1825 Second Bone War  Dutch Empire Sulawesi Rebels
1825 1825 Battle of Tripoli (1825) Kingdom of Sardinia Tripolitania
1825 1828 Aegean Sea Anti-Piracy Operations of the United States  United States Greek Pirates
1825 1825 Decembrist revolt  Russian Empire Russian Empire Decembrists
1825 1828 Cisplatine War
1825 1830 Java War  Dutch Empire
Pro-Netherlands Javanese
Rebellion forces of Prince Diponegoro
1825 1825 Franco-Trarzan War of 1825  France
Comte de Villèle
Forces of Muhammad al Habib
1826 1837 Kurdish revolt of 1826–1837[8]  Ottoman Empire Kurdish rebels
1826 1829 First Central American Civil War Liberals Conservatives
1826 1828 Russo-Persian War (1826–28)
Part of the Russo-Persian Wars
 Russian Empire Persian Empire
1826 1826 Chernigov Regiment revolt  Russian Empire Russian Empire Decembrists
1826 1828 Siamese-Lao War Siam Anouvong
King of Vientiane
1827 1827 1827 Honduran coup d'état State of Honduras Honduran Conservatives
1827 1827 Winnebago War  United States
Local militia
Winnebago
1828 1828 1828 Peruvian intervention in Bolivia [es]
1828 1829 Gran Colombia–Peru War  Gran Colombia  Peru
1828 1828 Irish and German Mercenary Soldiers' Revolt  Empire of Brazil Irish and German mercenaries
1828 1828 Bombardment of Tripoli (1828) Tripolitania Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
1828 1834 Liberal Wars Liberal forces of Queen Mary II

 United Kingdom
Spain Spain

Portugal Absolutist forces of King Miguel
1828 1829 Russo-Turkish War (1828–29)  Russian Empire  Ottoman Empire
1828 1832 Black War  British Empire Tasmanian Aborigines
1829 1830 Austrian expedition against Morocco (1829)  Morocco  Austrian Empire
1829 1830 Chilean Civil War of 1829–30 Chile Pelucones
Chile Military of Chile
Chile Pipiolos
1829 1833 Anglo-Khasi War  British Empire Khasi people

1830–1839[edit]

Start Finish Name of conflict Belligerents
Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)
1830 1830 Freiämtersturm Freie Ämter militia Canton of Aargau
1830 1830 July Revolution
French Revolution of 1830
July Monarchy House of Orléans House of Bourbon
1830 1831 November Uprising  Russian Empire Poland Polish insurgents
1830 1831 Belgian Revolution Southern Provinces of the Netherlands  United Kingdom of the Netherlands
1830 1847 French conquest of Algeria  France Ottoman Empire
1830 1850 Port Phillip District Wars  British Empire Australian Aborigines
1831 1831 Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra  Dutch Empire Sumatran Rebels
1831 1831 Merthyr Rising  British Empire Coal Miners
1831 1831 Turner's Rebellion  United States Slave Rebels
1831 1833 Kol uprising  British Empire Adivasi Rebels
1831 1834 Siamese–Vietnamese War (1831–34) Vietnam
Vietnamese protectorate of Cambodia
Siam
1831 1832 Baptist War  British Empire
Rebel slaves
1831 1832 Naning War East India Company Malay rebels
1831 1833 Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–33)  Egypt  Ottoman Empire

 Russian Empire (from 1833)

1831 1833 Yagan Resistance  British Empire Yagan
1831 1833 Bosnian Uprising (1831–32)  Ottoman Empire Bosnian ayans
1832 1832 Black Hawk War  United States

Ho-Chunk
Menominee
Potawatomi

Black Hawk's British Band:

Sauk
Fox
Kickapoo

1832 1832 June Rebellion  France French Republicans
1833 1834 Desert Campaign (1833–34)  Argentina Mapuche rebels
1833 1835 Lê Văn Khôi revolt Nguyễn dynasty Lê Văn Khôi rebels
1833 1839 Albanian Revolts of 1833–39  Ottoman Empire Albanian rebels
1833 1840 First Carlist War Liberals and Allies:

Spain Forces of Queen Isabella II of Spain
 British Empire
 France
Portugal Forces of Queen Mary II of Portugal

Carlists:

Forces of Infante Carlos of Spain
Portugal Forces of King Miguel of Portugal

1834 1834 Peruvian civil war of 1834 Government of Peru Revolutionaries
1834 1834 Coorg War
1834 1834 Priest Jovica's Rebellion  Ottoman Empire Christian peasants
1834 1834 Peasants' Revolt of 1834 (Palestine) Egypt Eyalet Palestinian Peasants
1834 1834 Battle of Pinjarra  British Empire Pinjarup
1834 1836 Sixth Xhosa War  British Empire

United Kingdom Free Khoikhoi

Xhosa Tribes
1835 1858 1835–58 revolt in Ottoman Tripolitania  Ottoman Empire Libyan rebels
1835 1836 Revolution of the Reforms State of Venezuela Reformists
1835 1836 Salaverry-Santa Cruz War Supporters of Luis José de Orbegoso and Andrés de Santa Cruz Supporters of Felipe Santiago Salaverry
1835 1835 League War San José Alajuela

Cartago

Cartago

1835 1835 Malê Revolt  Empire of Brazil Rebel slaves
1835 1835 Zacatecas Rebellion Mexico Mexico Zacatecas Zacatecan rebels
1835 1836 Texas Revolution Republic of Texas Mexico
1835 1842 Second Seminole War
Part of the Seminole Wars
 United States Seminole Tribes
1835 1845 Ragamuffin War  Empire of Brazil Riograndense Republic

Juliana Republic

1835 1840 Cabanagem  Empire of Brazil Indians
Cabanos
1836 1836 Posavina rebellion (1836)  Ottoman Empire Bosnian nobility
1836 1836 Belogradchik rebellion (1836)  Ottoman Empire Serbian peasants
1836 1836 Berkovitsa rebellion (1836)  Ottoman Empire Bulgarian peasants
1836 1836 Pirot rebellion  Ottoman Empire Orthodox peasants
1836 1839 War of the Confederation  Chile
Peru North Peru
 Argentine Confederation
Peru-Bolivian Confederation
1837 1838 Siege of Herat (1838)

Afghan-Persian War

Emirate of Afghanistan  Qajar Iran
1837 1837 Revolt of 1837 (New Mexico) Mexico Mexico Cantón
1837 1838 Sabinada  Empire of Brazil Bahia Republic
1837 1838 Lower Canada Rebellion
Part of the Rebellions of 1837
 United Kingdom

United Kingdom British North America

Patriote movement

United States American Volunteers

1837 1838 Upper Canada Rebellion
Part of the Rebellions of 1837
United Kingdom United Kingdom

United Kingdom British North America

Hunters' Lodges

Republic of Canada

1837 1839 Dutch–Ahanta War  Dutch Empire Ahanta Kingdom
1837 1847 Kenesary's Rebellion[9]  Russian Empire Kazakh Khanate
1838 1840 Muhammad Ali's Yemeni Expedition

Part of the Yemeni–Ottoman Conflicts

 Ottoman Empire Zaidis
1838 1838 Battle of Blood River Voortrekkers Zulu kingdom
1838 1838 Mormon War United States Non-Mormon Missourians United States Latter Day Saint movement
1838 1839 Balaiada Empire of Brazil Empire of Brazil Balaios
African slaves
1838 1839 Pastry War  France Mexico
1839 1839 Newport Rising  British Empire Chartists
1839 1839 Züriputsch Zürich Conservative Putschists
1839 1841 Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–41) United Kingdom British Empire
Austrian Empire Austrian Empire
Russian Empire Russian Empire

Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Prussia
Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire

Egypt
 France
Spain Spain
1839 1840 Khivan campaign of 1839 Khanate of Khiva Russian Empire Russian Empire
1839 1841 War of the Supremes
1839 1842 First Anglo-Afghan War Emirate of Afghanistan  British Empire

British East India Company

1839 1842 First Opium War  British Empire Qing dynasty Qing Empire of China
1839 1847 Albanian Revolt of 1847  Ottoman Empire Albanian rebels
1839 1851 Uruguayan Civil War Colorados

Argentina Argentine Unitarians
 France
Riograndense Republic
 British Empire
 Empire of Brazil
Italian Legion

Blancos

Federalists
 Argentine Confederation

1840 1841 Cambodian rebellion (1840) Khmer anti-Vietnamese rebels
Support:
Rattanakosin Kingdom (Siam)
Nguyễn dynasty (Vietnam)
1840s 1860s Eumerella Wars  British Empire Gunditjmara people

1840–1849[edit]

Start Finish Name of conflict Belligerents
Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)
1841 1841 Niš Rebellion (1841)  Ottoman Empire Christian rebels
1841 1841 1841 rebellion in Guria Russia Russian Empire Guria Peasants
1841 1845 Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–45) Vietnam
Cambodia protectorates loyal to King Ang Duong
1841 1842 Sino-Sikh War  China Sikh Empire
1842 1847 Kurdish revolt of 1842–1847[8]  Ottoman Empire Emirate of Botan
1842 1842 Shoorcha rebellion Russian Empire Russian Empire Chuvash Peasants
Tatar Peasants
Mari Peasants
1842 1868 Russian Conquest of Bukhara  Russian Empire Emirate of Bukhara
1842 1843 Mier expedition Mexico  Texas
1843 1844 Peruvian civil war of 1843–1844 Revolutionaries Peruvian government
1843 1844 Albanian Revolt of 1843–44  Ottoman Empire Albanian rebels
1843 1843 Wairau Affray
Part of the New Zealand Wars
Ngāti Toa United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland British Settlers
1843 1843 Battle of One Tree Hill United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland British Settlers Jagera people
1844 1856 Dominican War of Independence  Dominican Republic  Haiti
1844 1844 Franco-Moroccan War  France  Morocco
1844 1847 Franco-Tahitian War  France
Tahitian allies
Tahiti
Huahine
Raiatea
Bora Bora and Tahaa
1844 1845 Malespín's War El Salvador
 Honduras
 Nicaragua
1845 1845 Albanian Revolt of 1845  Ottoman Empire Albanian rebels
1845 1846 First Anglo-Sikh War British East India Company Sikh Empire
1845 1846 Flagstaff War
Northern War
Part of the New Zealand Wars
Ngāpuhi Iwi  British Empire

Forces of Tamati Waka Nene

1846 1847 Peasant uprising of 1846 [es]  Venezuela Federal rebels
1846 1846 Revolution of Maria da Fonte Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Empire Tax Resisters
1846 1846 Hutt Valley Campaign
Part of the New Zealand Wars
 British Empire

United Kingdom British Settlers
Te Ati Awa Iwi

Ngāti Toa
1846 1846 Kraków uprising  Austrian Empire Polish independence movement
1846 1846 Galician slaughter  Austrian Empire Polish peasants
1846 1846 Dutch intervention in Northern Bali (1846)  Netherlands Bali
1846 1846 Revolt of the Faitiões Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Empire Faitiões
1846 1847 Patuleia Cartistas Septembrists
Miguelists
1846 1847 Seventh Xhosa War  British Empire Xhosa Tribes
1846 1849 Second Carlist War
War of the Madrugadores
Spain Forces of Queen Isabella II of Spain Spain Carlists
1846 1848 Mexican–American War  United States Mexico
1846 1848 Wanganui Campaign
Part of the New Zealand Wars
 British Empire

United Kingdom British Settlers
Māori Kupapa

Māori Iwis
1847 1847 Sonderbund War   Swiss Confederation Sonderbund
1847 1850 Sierra Gorda Rebellion Mexico Tax Resisters
1847 1855 Cayuse War  United States Cayuse
1847 1933 Caste War of Yucatán Mexico Maya Free State
1847 1847 Operations against the Baizai (1847)[10]  British Empire Baizai Tribesmen
1848 1849 Venezuelan Civil War of 1848–1849 [es] State of Venezuela Rebels
1848 1849 Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states Austrian Empire Austrian Empire
Kingdom of Two Sicilies
Papal States
Kingdom of Sicily
Provisional Government of Milan
Republic of San Marco
Roman Republic
Central Italy Rebels
Supported by:
Kingdom of Sardinia
1848 1848 Greater Poland Uprising (1848)  Kingdom of Prussia Polish rebels
1848 1848 French Revolution of 1848  French Republic  July Monarchy
1848 1849 Revolutions of 1848 in the German states  German Confederation
 Austrian Empire
 Baden
 Prussia
 Kingdom of Saxony

 Kingdom of Bavaria

German Rebels
1848 1849 Baden Revolution
Part of the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states
 Baden Freischar
1849 1849 May Uprising in Dresden
Part of the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states
 Prussia
 Kingdom of Saxony
Freischar
1849 1849 Palatine uprising
Part of the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states
 Kingdom of Bavaria Freischar
1848 1849 Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas
1848 1848 Wallachian Revolution of 1848  Ottoman Empire
 Russian Empire
Wallachia
1848 1849 Sicilian revolution of independence of 1848 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Supported by:
 Kingdom of Spain
Kingdom of Sicily
Supported by:
Congress Poland
1848 1848 Dutch intervention in Northern Bali (1848)  Netherlands Bali
1848 1848 Matale rebellion  British Empire Kandian Peasants
1848 1849 First Italian War of Independence Austrian Empire Kingdom of Sardinia

Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Papal States
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

1848 1849 Second Anglo-Sikh War  British Empire

British East India Company

Sikh Empire
1848 1849 Hungarian War of Independence Austrian Empire

Russian Empire

Hungary Hungary
1848 1849 Serb Uprising of 1848–49 Serbs (Austrian Empire)
Serbian volunteers
Austrian Empire
Hungary Hungary
1848 1849 Praieira revolt  Empire of Brazil Praieiros
1848 1849 Slovak Uprising of 1848–49 Slovakia Slovak National Council Hungary Kingdom of Hungary
1848 1851 First Schleswig War
The Three Years' War
 Denmark Schleswig-Holstein

 Prussia
Kingdom of Saxony

1849 1850 Dutch intervention in Bali (1849)  Netherlands
Lombok
Buleleng
Jembrana
Klungkung
1849 1849 Yemeni Expedition of 1849

Part of the Yemeni–Ottoman Conflicts

Zaidis  Ottoman Empire
1849 1855 Burmese–Siamese War (1849–55) Burma Siam
1849 1924 Apache Wars  United States
(1849–1924)
 Confederate States of America
(1861–1865)
Apacheria:

Apache Allies:

1849 1849 Operations against the Baizai (1849)  British Empire Baizai Tribesmen

1850–1859[edit]

Start Finish Name of conflict Belligerents
Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)
1850 1856 Soninke-Marabout War (1850–1856)  British Empire
 French Empire
Marabout confederacy
Kingdom of the Kombo (Soninke)
1850 1864 Taiping Rebellion  China

 British Empire
 French Empire

Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
1850 1853 Eighth Xhosa War  British Empire Xhosa Tribes

Khoikhoi Tribes
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Native Kafir Police

1851 1851 1851 Chilean Revolution  Chile Liberal rebels
1851 1851 Bombardment of Salé  France  Morocco
1851 1851 1851 French coup d'état  French Second Republic under Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte Republicans
1851 1852 Platine War  Empire of Brazil

 Uruguay
 Entre Ríos
 Corrientes
 Santa Fe

 Argentine Confederation

Blancos

1851 1855 Palembang Highlands Expeditions  Dutch Empire Palembangese Rebels
1851 1865 California Indian Wars  United States Miwok
Yokuts
Cahuilla
Cupeno
Quechan
Yurok
Karuk
Tolowa
Nomlaki
Chimariko
Wintun
Hupa
Tsnungwe
Wiyot
Whilkut
Yuki
1851 1868 Nian Rebellion  Qing dynasty Nien militia
1852 1852 Kautokeino rebellion Sweden-Norway Sami rebels
1852 1852 Second Anglo-Burmese War  British Empire Burma
1852 1853 Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1852–53)  Montenegro  Ottoman Empire
1852 1862 Herzegovina Uprising (1852–62)  Ottoman Empire Serbian rebels
1853 1854 Rebellion of Barquisimeto [es] State of Venezuela Rebels
1853 1856 Crimean War
Egypt Eyalet
Beylik of Tunis[11]
1854 1854 1854 Macedonian rebellion  Ottoman Empire Macedonian rebels
1854 1855 Expedition against the Chinese in Montrado  Netherlands Pro-Chinese Indonesian rebels

Chinese volunteers

Supported by:

Qing dynasty China

1854 1854 Epirus Revolt of 1854  Ottoman Empire Greek rebels
1854 1857 Revolution of Ayutla Mexico Mexican rebels Mexico Santa Anna dictatorship
1854 1873 Miao Rebellion (1854–73)  China Miao people
1854 1860 French conquest of Senegal  French Empire Kingdom of Waalo
Toucouleur Empire
1854 1856 Red Turban Rebellion (1854–56)  Qing Empire of China Tiandihui
1854 1861 Bleeding Kansas Anti-slavery settlers Pro-slavery settlers
1855 1855 Kurdish revolt of 1855[8]  Ottoman Empire

Supported by:

 French Empire

 British Empire

Kurdish rebels
1855 1855 First Fiji Expedition  United States Fiji
1855 1856 Nepalese–Tibetan War Kingdom of Nepal Tibet
1855 1856 Santhal rebellion  British Raj
Zamindars
Santal rebels
1855 1858 Yakima War  United States Yakama
1855 1855 Rogue River Wars  United States Rogue River
1855 1855 Battle of Ash Hollow  United States Brulé Sioux
1855 1856 Puget Sound War  United States Nisqually
Muckleshoot
Puyallup
Klickitat
Haida
Tlingit
1855 1858 Third Seminole War
part of the Seminole Wars
 United States Seminole Tribes
1855 1864 Nias Expedition  Dutch Empire Nias Rebels
1855 1867 Punti-Hakka Clan Wars Punti Hakka
1856 1857 Peruvian civil war of 1856–1858
1856 1857 Filibuster War Allied Central American Army (Ejército Aliado Centroamericano)

 Costa Rica
 Honduras
Guatemala
 El Salvador
 Nicaragua

  • Legitimistas (conservative party)
  • Democráticos (liberal party)

 United States (naval support)

Filibusters


1856 1857 Khost rebellion (1856–1857) Emirate of Afghanistan Khostwal and Waziri tribesmen
1856 1857 Campaign of 1856–57  Costa Rica

Guatemala
 El Salvador
 Honduras
Nicaragua Rebel Forces of Patricio Rivas

Republic of Sonora

Nicaragua

1856 1856 Battle of Tres Forcas Morocco Kingdom of Prussia Prussia
1856 1860 Second Opium War
Arrow War
 United Kingdom

 French Empire
 United States (1856 and 1859 only)

Qing dynasty Qing Empire of China
1856 1857 Anglo-Persian War United Kingdom British Empire

Afghanistan

Persia
1856 1873 Panthay Rebellion
Du Wenxiu Rebellion
Qing dynasty Qing Empire of China Pingnan Guo
1856 1857 1857 Cheyenne Expedition  United States Cheyenne
1857 1858 Indian Rebellion of 1857
India's First War of Independence
 British Empire

British East India Company
Nepal
Jammu and Kashmir
20 Princely states

Sepoys of the East India Company

Mughal Empire
Awadh
Jhansi
7 Princely states

1857 1858 Utah War  United States State of Deseret

Utah Territory
Nauvoo Legion

1857 1860 Ecuadorian–Peruvian War (1857–1860)  Peru  Ecuador
1857 1861 Reform War Mexico Liberals
 United States
Mexico Conservatives
1857 1861 Cibaenian Revolution Dominican Republic Dominican Republic


Liberals Supported by:
Conservatives
Spain Kingdom of Spain


Revolutionary Government of Cibao

1857 1863 Pahang Civil War Pahang Wan Ahmad loyalists
Terengganu Terengganu Sultanate
Thailand Rattanakosin Kingdom
Pahang Tun Mutahir loyalists
 Johor
 United Kingdom
1858 1858 March Revolution (Venezuela)
1858 1858 Mahtra War  Russian Empire Estonian peasants
1858 1858 Coeur d'Alene War  United States Spokane
Coeur d'Alene
Paloos
Northern Paiute
1858 1858 Fraser Canyon War  United States
 British Empire
Nlaka'pamux
1858 1858 Pecija's First Revolt  Ottoman Empire Serbian peasants
1858 1862 Cochinchina Campaign  French Empire
Spain Kingdom of Spain
Dai Nam
1859 1859 Indigo revolt  British Empire Bengali Peasants
1859 1859 Second Fiji Expedition  United States Fiji
1859 1859 Second Italian War of Independence  French Empire

Kingdom of Sardinia

 Austrian Empire
1859 1859 Revolution of 1859  Chile Liberal rebels
1859 1872 Pig War  United States  United Kingdom
1859 1860 Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60) Spain Morocco
1859 1863 Banjarmasin War  Dutch Empire Sultanate of Banjar
1859 1863 Federal War Venezuelan Federalists Venezuelan Conservatives
1859 1859 1859 Perugia uprising  Papal States Rebels

1860–1869[edit]

Start Finish Name of conflict Belligerents
Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)
1860 1860 Expedition of the Thousand Kingdom of Italy Two Sicilies

Papal States

1860s 1860s Portugal–Angoche conflict[13] Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Empire Angoche Sultanate
1860 1860 1860 Mount Lebanon civil war Rural Druze clans
  • Abu Nakad clan
  • Imad clan
  • Abu Harmouch clan
  • Talhuq clan
  • Jumblatt clan

Supported by

Maronites and allies
1860 1860 Paiute War  United States Paiute tribes
1860 1861 First Taranaki War
Second Māori War
Part of New Zealand Wars
Māori iwi (tribes)

Māori King Movement

United Kingdom Government of New Zealand

United Kingdom British Settlers

1860 1862 Colombian Civil War (1860–62) Granadine Confederation Federal State of Cauca
1860 1890 Barasa–Ubaidat War Ubaidat Tribe Barasa Tribe
1861 1883 Occupation of Araucanía  Chile Araucanía
1861 1865 American Civil War United States United States of America  Confederate States of America
1861 1867 French intervention in Mexico
Also known as Franco-Mexican War
Mexico United Mexican States
Supported by :
United States of America (entered in 1865)
 Second French Empire
Mexico Second Mexican Empire
Austrian Empire (German and Hungarian volunteers)
Belgium Belgian Foreign Legion
Egyptian Sudanese
Supported by :
Spain Kingdom of Spain (retired in 1862)
United Kingdom United Kingdom (retired in 1862)
1862 1862 Dakota War of 1862  United States Dakota Sioux
1862 1877 Dungan Revolt (1862–77)
Muslim Rebellion
 Qing Empire of China Muslims of China
1863 1863 Ecuadorian–Colombian War United States of Colombia  Ecuador
1863 1863 Battle of Shimonoseki Straits
Part of the Japanese Civil War
 United States Chōshū Domain
1863 1863 Bombardment of Kagoshima
Anglo-Satsuma War
Part of the Japanese Civil War
 British Empire Satsuma Domain
1863 1864 Shimonoseki Campaign
Part of the Japanese Civil War
 British Empire

 Netherlands
 United States
 Second French Empire

Choshu Domain

Chofu Domain
Kiheitai Volunteers

1863 1864 Ambela Campaign  British Raj Afghan Pashtuns
Yusufzai
1863 1864 Invasion of Waikato
Part of New Zealand Wars
United Kingdom Government of New Zealand

Māori Kupapa

Māori King Movement
1863 1864 Second Anglo-Ashanti War  Ashanti Empire  British Empire
1863 1865 Dominican Restoration War  Dominican Republic  Spain
1863 1864 January Uprising  Russian Empire Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth
1863 1865 Colorado War  United States Cheyenne
Arapaho
1863 1866 Second Taranaki War
Part of New Zealand Wars
 British Empire Māori of Taranaki
1864 1864 Kinmon Incident and First Chōshū expedition
Part of the Japanese Civil War
Tokugawa Shogunate

Satsuma Domain

Aizu Domain

Choshu Domain
Sonno joi Rebels

1864 1864 Second Schleswig War
Second Danish-German War
Germany German Confederation

 Austrian Empire
 Kingdom of Prussia

 Denmark
1864 1864 Battle of Dybbøl
Part of Second Schleswig War
Kingdom of Prussia Prussia  Denmark
1864 1864 Tauranga Campaign
Part of the New Zealand Wars
United Kingdom Government of New Zealand

United Kingdom British Settlers
Māori Kupapa

Ngāi Te Rangi Iwi
1864 1865 Uruguayan War  Empire of Brazil
Colorados
 Uruguay
1864 1865 Mejba Revolt Beylik of Tunis Tax resisters
1864 1865 Mito Rebellion
Kanto insurrection
Part of the Japanese Civil War
Tokugawa Shogunate

Mito Domain

Sonno joi Rebels of Eastern Japan
1864 1865 Bhutan War  British Empire
 Bhutan
1864 1865 Conquest of Tashkent [ru]  Russian Empire Khanate of Kokand

Emirate of Bukhara

1864 1866 Chincha Islands War  Peru
 Chile
Joined in 1866:
 Ecuador
 Bolivia
 Spain
1864 1868 Snake War
 United States Shoshone, Bannock, and Paiute Tribes
1864 1868 Pasoemah Expedition  Dutch Empire Sumatran Rebels
1864 1870 Paraguayan War  Empire of Brazil
 Argentina
 Uruguay
 Paraguay
1865 1865 Peruvian civil war of 1865 Revolutionaries Government of Peru
1865 1875 Saudi Civil War Supporters of Saud Supporters of Rahman
1865 1872 Black Hawk War (1865–72)  United States Ute
Paiute
Navajo
Apache
1865 1865 Powder River Expedition (1865)  United States Arapaho
Sioux
Cheyenne
1865 1865 Morant Bay rebellion  British Empire United Kingdom Jamaican Rebels
1865 1870 Hualapai War  United States Hualapai
1865 1866 Seqiti War Basuto Kingdom

 British Empire

 Orange Free State
1865 1868 East Cape War
Part of the New Zealand Wars
United Kingdom Government of New Zealand

United Kingdom British Settlers
Māori Kupapa

Hau-Hauist Māori
1865 1868 Russo-Bukharan Wars  Russian Empire Emirate of Bukhara
1865 1890 Haw wars Thailand Kingdom of Siam Haw rebels
1866 1866 Second Chōshū expedition
Summer War
Choshu Domain Tokugawa Shogunate

Aizu Domain

1866 1866 Austro-Prussian War
Seven Weeks War
German Civil War
Kingdom of Prussia

 Kingdom of Italy
Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Oldenburg
County of Anhalt
Duchy of Brunswick
Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Germany Principality of Waldeck-Pyrmont
County of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Principality of Lippe
Bremen
 Hamburg
Lübeck

 Austrian Empire

 Kingdom of Saxony
 Kingdom of Bavaria
Grand Duchy of Baden
 Kingdom of Württemberg
Province of Hanover Kingdom of Hanover
Grand Duchy of Hesse
Hesse-Kassel
Germany Principality of Reuss Elder Line
 Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
County of Schaumburg-Lippe
Nassau

1866 1866 Third Italian War of Independence
Part of the Austro-Prussian War
 Kingdom of Italy  Austrian Empire
1866 1868 Red Cloud's War Lakota Tribe  United States
1866 1866 Baikal Insurrection Russia Russian Empire Sybiracy
1866 1869 Cretan Revolt (1866–69) Greece Greek rebels  Ottoman Empire
1866 1866 French campaign against Korea (1866)
Byeongin Western invasion
Joseon dynasty (Korea)  Second French Empire
1866 1867 1867 Macedonian rebellion  Ottoman Empire Greek revolutionaries.
1867 1867 Peruvian civil war of 1867 Revolutionaries (Conservatives) Government of Peru (Liberals)
1867 1867 La Genuina
1867 1868 Blue revolution (Venezuela)
1867 1867 Andaman Islands Expedition  British Empire Onge rebels
1867 1875 Comanche Campaign  United States Comanche
Arapaho
Kiowa
Southern Cheyenne
1867 1868 Qatari–Bahraini War Al Thani Al Khalifa
1867 1874 Klang War
Selangor Civil War
Forces of Raja Abdullah of Klang

British Straits Settlements

Forces of Raja Mahadi
1868 1874 Six Years' War Dominican Liberals Dominican Conservatives
1868 1868 Glorious Revolution (Spain)  Spain (Liberals)  Spain (Moderados)
1868 1868 Grito de Lares  Spain Puerto Rican Rebels
1868 1869 Tītokowaru's War
Part of the New Zealand Wars
United Kingdom Government of New Zealand

Māori Kupapa

Ngati Ruanui Iwi
1868 1869 Boshin War
War of the Year of the Dragon
Part of the Japanese Civil War
Imperial Faction:

Forces of the Emperor of Japan
Satsuma Domain
Choshu Domain
Tosa Domain
Hiroshima Domain
Saga Domain
 British Empire

Tokugawa Shogunate

Northern Alliance
Republic of Ezo
 Second French Empire

1868 1868 British Expedition to Abyssinia  British Empire  Ethiopian Empire
1868 1872 Te Kooti's War
Part of the New Zealand Wars
United Kingdom Government of New Zealand

United Kingdom British Settlers
Māori Kupapa

Māori iwi
1868 1878 Ten Years' War
Great War
 Spain  Cuba
1869 1869 Haitian Revolution of 1869 Haiti Forces of Nissage Saget Haiti Forces of Sylvain Salnave
1869 1869 1869 uprising in Krivošije Serbian Rebels  Austria-Hungary
1869 1869 Red River Rebellion  Dominion of Canada

Métis Loyalists
 British Empire

Métis Forces of Louis Riel

1870–1879[edit]

Start Finish Name of conflict Belligerents
Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)
1870 1870 Kirk–Holden war United States Ku Klux Klan
1870 1871 Al-Hasa Expedition[14][15] Ottoman Empire

Kuwait

Nejd
1870 1870 Aday uprising (1870) [ru]  Russian Empire Aday [ru]
1870 1871 Franco-Prussian War North German Confederation

 Kingdom of Bavaria
 Baden
 Kingdom of Württemberg

 Second French Empire
1870 1872 Revolution of the Lances Blancos Colorados
1870 1900 Sheep Wars United States Cattle Ranchers United States Sheepmen
1870 1890 Kalkadoon Wars British colonists Kalkadoon people
1871 1871 French Civil War of 1871  French Republic Communards
1871 1871 United States expedition to Korea  United States Joseon dynasty (Korea)
1871 1872 Nukapu Expedition  United Kingdom Nukapu
1872 1873 Dembos War (1872–1873)[16] Portugal rebels
1872 1872 Yemeni Expedition of 1872

Part of the Yemeni–Ottoman Conflicts

 Ottoman Empire Zaidis
1872 1876 Third Carlist War Kingdom of Spain (Savoy) (to 1873)
First Spanish Republic (to 1874)
Kingdom of Spain (Bourbon) (from 1875)
Carlists
1872 1873 Modoc War
Lava Beds War
 United States Modoc Tribes
1873 1873 Khivan campaign of 1873 Russian Empire Russian Empire Khanate of Khiva
1873 1904 Aceh War Netherlands Dutch East Indies Aceh Sultanate
1873 1874 Revolt of the Muckers  Empire of Brazil Muckers
1873 1874 Pabna Peasant Uprisings  British Empire Bengali Peasants
1873 1874 Third Anglo-Ashanti War  British Empire  Ashanti Empire
1873 1888 Colfax County War United States Settlers

Jicarilla Apaches

United States Maxwell Land Grant
1873 1874 Cantonal Revolution First Spanish Republic Spanish Cantons
1874 1874 Brooks–Baxter War Republican Party Liberal Republican Party
1874 1874 Saga Rebellion  Empire of Japan Rebels of former Saga Domain
1874 1874 Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)  Empire of Japan  Qing Empire
1874 1875 Red River War  United States Comanche Tribes

Kiowa Tribes
Southern Cheyenne Tribes
Arapaho Tribes

1874 1876 Ethiopian–Egyptian War  Ethiopia  Egypt
1875 1875 Ganghwa Island incident  Empire of Japan Korea Joseon dynasty
1875 1875 Las Cuevas War United States Texas Rangers Mexico Mexican Militia
1875 1876 Perak War  British Empire Malay rebels
1875 1876 Mason County War United States Vigilantes

United States German-American settlers

United States Texas Rangers
1876 1876 Shinpuren Rebellion  Empire of Japan Keishintō
1876 1876 Razlovtsi insurrection  Ottoman Empire Bulgarian rebels
1876 1876 April Uprising  Ottoman Empire Bulgarian rebels
1876 1876 Akizuki Rebellion  Empire of Japan Samurai of former the Akizuki Domain
1876 1876 Hagi Rebellion  Empire of Japan Choshu Domain
1876 1877 Colombian Civil War of 1876 Colombian Liberals Colombian Conservatives
1876 1877 Great Sioux War of 1876
Black Hills War
 United States

Shoshone Tribes
Crow Nation
Pawnee Tribes

Arapaho Tribes

Cheyenne Tribes
Lakota Tribes

1876 1878 Qing reconquest of Xinjiang Qing dynasty Kashgaria
1876 1878 Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–78)
Part of the Great Eastern Crisis
 Montenegro  Ottoman Empire
1877 1890 Angoche Civil War[17] Followers of Farelay 6 other claimants to the throne of the Angoche Sultanate
1877 1877 Nez Perce War  United States Nez Perce
1877 1877 Satsuma Rebellion  Empire of Japan Samurai of former the Satsuma Domain, Kumamoto Domain

Shi-gakkō

1877 1878 San Elizario Salt War  United States Mexican-Indians
1877 1879 Ninth Xhosa War  British Empire

Mfengu Tribe

Xhosa Gcaleka Tribe
1877 1878 Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)  Russian Empire

Serbia Serbia
Romania Romania
 Montenegro
Bulgarian volunteers

 Ottoman Empire
1877 1879 Cheyenne War  United States Cheyenne -
1877 1893 Kiriji War Ibadan
Iwo Kingdom
Igbajo
Offa Kingdom
Modakeke
Ijesha Kingdom
Ekiti Confederacy
Akoko Confederacy


Egba Kingdom
Ijebu Kingdom
Ila Kingdom
Ilorin Emirate
Ife Kingdom

1878 1878 Bannock War  United States Bannock
Northern Shoshone
1878 1878 Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878  Austria-Hungary Bosnia Vilayet
1878 1878 Kanak Revolt  France Kanaks
1878 1878 Lincoln County War United States Ranchers

United States Regulators

United States General Store Monopoly
John Kinney Gang
Jesse Evans Gang
Seven Rivers Warriors
1878 1878 Kumanovo Uprising  Ottoman Empire Principality of Serbia Serbian rebels
1878 1878 Epirus Revolt of 1878  Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Greece Greek rebels
1878 1878 1878 Greek Macedonian rebellion  Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Greece Greek rebels
1878 1879 Kresna–Razlog Uprising  Ottoman Empire Bulgarian rebels
1878 1880 Second Anglo-Afghan War  British Empire Afghanistan
1878 1885 Conquest of the Desert  Argentina Araucans
1878 1888 Nauruan Civil War King Aweida Loyalists

 German Empire (1888)

Anti-Aweida rebels
1879 1880 Little War (Cuba) Spain Kingdom of Spain  Cuba
1879 1879 Jementah Civil War Johor Johor Sultanate Muar
1879 1879 Anglo-Zulu War  British Empire
United Kingdom Colony of Natal
Zulu Kingdom
1879 1879 Second Sekhukhune War  British Empire
BaPedi Kingdom
1879 1883 War of the Pacific Chile  Peru
 Bolivia
1879 1879 Sheepeater Indian War  United States Turakina
1879 1881 Victorio's War United States United States
Mexico Mexico
Apache

1880–1889[edit]

Start Finish Name of conflict Belligerents
Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)
1880 1881 Basuto Gun War Basotho Tribe Cape Colony
1880 1881 Brsjak Revolt  Ottoman Empire Christian rebels
1880 1881 Kurdish revolt of 1880–1881[8]  Ottoman Empire Kurdish rebels
1880 1881 First Boer War  South African Republic  British Empire
1881 1881 Mapuche uprising of 1881  Chile Mapuche rebels
1881 1881 French occupation of Tunisia  France  Tunisia
1881 1899 Mahdist War  Egypt

 British Empire
 Italy
 Belgium
Ethiopian Empire

Mahdist Sudan
1882 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War British Empire British Empire

Egypt

Egyptian rebels under Arabi Pasha
1882 1898 Mandingo Wars France French Third Republic Wassoulou Empire
1882 1892 Pleasant Valley War United States Tewksbury Family

United States Arizona Rangers

United States Graham and Blevins Family
1883 1914 Ekumeku Movement  British Empire Ekumeku Organization
1883 1883 Timok Rebellion  Kingdom of Serbia People's Radical Party
1883 1885 First Madagascar expedition France French Third Republic Merina Kingdom
1883 1886 Tonkin Campaign France French Third Republic  Qing dynasty
Black Flag Army
Nguyen dynasty
1884 1885 Peruvian civil war of 1884–1885 Reds

 Bolivia

Blues

 Chile

1884 1884 Chichibu Incident  Empire of Japan Japanese peasants
1884 1885 Sino-French War  France

Annam Protectorate

 Qing dynasty of China
Remnants of the Nguyen dynasty of Vietnam

Black Flag Army

1884 1885 Mandor Rebellion  Dutch Empire Lanfang Republic
1885 1885 Vose Uprising [ru]  Russian Empire Tajik Rebels
1885 1885 North-West Rebellion  Canada Provisional Government of Saskatchewan

CreeAssiniboine

1885 1885 Serbo-Bulgarian War  Bulgaria  Serbia
1885 1885 Barrios' War of Reunification  El Salvador
Mexico
Costa Rica
Nicaragua
 Guatemala
Honduras
1885 1885 Third Anglo-Burmese War  British Empire Third Burmese Empire
1885 1885 Jambi Uprising  Dutch Empire Sumatran Rebels
1886 1894 Samoan Civil War Samoa Mata'afans Samoa Tamasese
1887 1889 Karonga War African Lakes Corporation
Ngonde
Swahili
Henga
1887 1895 Hawaiian rebellions (1887–95) United States Hawaiian League

Hawaii Republic of Hawaii
 United States

 Kingdom of Hawaii

 United States
 Empire of Japan
 United Kingdom
Redshirts
Hawaiian Patriotic League

1888 1893 1888–1893 Uprisings of Hazaras  Emirate of Afghanistan Hazaras
1888 1888 Sikkim Expedition  British Empire Tibet
1888 1889 Abushiri Revolt  German Empire Rebels led by Abushiri ibn Salim al-Harthi
1889 1890 Ammiyya Syrian Peasants Syrian Sheikhs
1889 1893 Johnson County War United States Homesteaders United States Cattle Barons

1890–1899[edit]

Start Finish Name of conflict Belligerents
Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)
Late 19th century Late 19th century Qu'aiti–Kathiri conflict over Mukalla[18] Qu'aiti

Supported by:

 British Empire

Kathiri
1890s 1890s 1890s Hamawand revolts[19]  Ottoman Empire Hamawand rebels
1890 1890 Edi Expedition  Dutch Empire Acehese Rebels
1890 1890 Revolution of the Park Argentina Argentina Civic Union
1890 1890 First Franco-Dahomean War Kingdom of Porto-Novo

France French Third Republic

Kingdom of Dahomey
1890 1916 Castaic Range War United States William Willoby Jenkins

United States Los Angeles Rangers

United States William C. Chormicle
1895 1900 Colorado Range War United States Cattle Barons
United States Homesteader and Rustlers
1890 1891 Ghost Dance War Sioux tribes
1891 1891 Battle of Mulayda Jabal Shammar Najd
1891 1891 Yemeni Rebellion of 1891

Part of the Yemeni–Ottoman Conflicts

 Ottoman Empire Zaidis
1891 1891 Hunza-Nagar Campaign  British Raj Hunza
Nagar
1891 1891 Anglo-Manipur War  British Raj Kingdom of Manipur
1891 1891 Chilean Civil War of 1891 Chile Congressist Junta

Navy of Chile

Chile Republic of Chile
Army of Chile
1891 1892 Tomochic Rebellion Mexico Rebels
1891 1893 Garza Revolution Mexico
 United States
Garzistas
1891 1894 Semantan War  British Empire Malay rebels
1891 1907 Bafut Wars  German Empire Fondom of Bafut
1892 1892 Second Hazara Uprising Emirate of Afghanistan Hazaras
1892 1894 Second Franco-Dahomean War  France Kingdom of Dahomey
1892 1894 Congo–Arab War  Congo Free State Zanzibari Arab Slave traders
1893 1893 Third Hazara Uprising Emirate of Afghanistan Hazaras
1893 1893 Battle of Al Wajbah Al Thani
Allied Tribes
 Ottoman Empire
1893 1893 Franco-Siamese conflict  France
 French Indochina
 Siam
1893 1908 Macedonian Struggle Hellenic Macedonian Committee

Ethniki Etaireia (from 1894)


Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee (from 1895 to 1905)
Bulgarian Secret Revolutionary Brotherhood (from 1899)
Boatmen of Thessaloniki (from 1900 to 1903)


Serbian Chetnik Organization (from 1903)

 Ottoman Empire
1893 1893 Conquest of the Bornu Empire Rabih az-Zubayr's Empire Bornu Empire
1893 1894 First Melillan campaign Spain Spain Morocco
1893 1894 First Matabele War British South Africa Company
Tswana
Ndebele (Matabele) kingdom
1893 1894 Revolta da Armada  Brazil Brazilian navy mutineers
1893 1895 Federalist Revolution  Brazil Federalist Rebels
National Party
1894 1895 Peruvian civil war of 1894–1895 Rebels Government of Peru
1894 1894 Malaboch War  South African Republic Bahananwa people
1894 1894 1894 Sasun rebellion  Ottoman Empire Armenian rebels
1894 1894 Revolution of the 44 Salvadoran Rebels Salvadoran Government
1894 1894 Donghak Peasant Revolution Korea Joseon dynasty
 Empire of Japan
Donghak army
1894 1895 First Sino-Japanese War  Empire of Japan  Qing Empire
1894 1895 Second Madagascar expedition  France Merina Kingdom
1894 1897 Jandamarra Guerilla War  British Empire Australian aborigines
1894 1900 Mat Salleh Rebellion  British Empire Malay rebels
1895 1895 Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)  Empire of Japan Republic of Formosa
Various militia forces
1895 1896 Dungan revolt (1895–96)  China Muslim rebels
1895 1896 Zeitun Rebellion (1895–96) Armenian rebels  Ottoman Empire
1895 1897 Menalamba rebellion  France Menalamba rebels
1895 1896 Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War  United Kingdom  Ashanti Empire
1895 1896 First Italo-Ethiopian War  Ethiopia  Kingdom of Italy
1895 1898 Cuban War of Independence Cuban rebels
 United States
Spain Kingdom of Spain
1896 1897 1896–1897 Greek Macedonian rebellion  Ottoman Empire Rebels
1896 1896 Defense of Van (1896)  Ottoman Empire Armenian rebels
1896 1896 Khaua-Mbandjeru Rebellion  German Empire Mbandjeru
Khaua Mbandjeru
1896 1896 Anglo-Zanzibar War

The shortest war in history

 British Empire Zanzibar
1896 1897 War of Canudos  Brazil Canudos inhabitants
1896 1897 Langeberg Rebellion  Cape Colony Batlhaping rebels
1896 1897 Batetela Rebellion  Congo Free State Tetela rebels
1896 1897 Second Matabele War British South Africa Company Ndebele (Matabele) people
Shona (Mashona) people
1896 1898 Philippine Revolution Katipunan

Sovereign Tagalog Nation
 First Philippine Republic
 United States

Spain Kingdom of Spain
1897 1897 Greco-Turkish War (1897)

The Thirty Days' War

 Ottoman Empire  Kingdom of Greece
1897 1897 Intentona de Yauco  Spain Puerto Rican Rebels
1897 1897 Benin Expedition of 1897  British Empire Kingdom of Benin
1897 1898 Tirah Campaign  United Kingdom Pathans of Afghanistan
1898 1898 1898 Baloch uprising
1898 1898 Andijan uprising of 1898  Russian Empire Kokand Khanate Loyalists
1898 1898 Spanish–American War  United States

Cuba Cuba
 First Philippine Republic
Katipunan

Spain Kingdom of Spain
1898 1898 Negros Revolution Katipunan

Negrense Revolutionaries

Spain Kingdom of Spain
1898 1899 Federal Revolution of 1899 Liberal Party Conservative Party
1898 1899 Second Samoan Civil War Samoa Samoa Samoa Mata'afans
1898 1898 1898 Baloch uprising  British Empire Rebels under Mir Baloch Khan and Mir Mehrab Khan Nausherwani
1898 1900 Voulet-Chanoine Mission  France Rabih az-Zubayr's Empire
1899 1901 Rabih War  France

Kingdom of Baguirmi

Rabih's empire
1899 1902 Fulbe war [Wikidata]

(See Battle of Maroua–Miskin)

German Empire German Empire Adamawa Emirate
1899 1901 Boxer Rebellion Eight-Nation Alliance

 Empire of Japan
 Russian Empire
 British Empire
 France
 United States
 German Empire
 Kingdom of Italy
 Austria-Hungary
 Netherlands
 Belgium
Spain

Righteous Harmony Society

 China

1899 1902 Second Boer War  British Empire  Orange Free State

 South African Republic
Foreign volunteers

1899 1902 Thousand Days' War Colombian Conservative Party Colombian Liberal Party
1899 1902
(Malvar surrender)
1913
(Irreconcilables active)
Philippine–American War  United States

Philippine Constabulary
Philippine Scouts

 First Philippine Republic

Katipunan
Philippines Pulajanes
Sultanate of Sulu
Philippines Moro people

1899 1903 Acre War  Brazil
 Republic of Acre
 Bolivia

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ 1805, 1809, 1813–1815
  2. ^ 1806–1807, 1813–1815
  3. ^ 1804–1807, 1812–1815
  4. ^ a b c 1813–1815
  5. ^ a b c d 1815)
  6. ^ 1809
  7. ^ 1806–1807, 1813–1814
  8. ^ a b c d 1807–1812
  9. ^ 1800–1807, 1809–1815
  10. ^ 1802, 1808–1815)
  11. ^ 1806–1815
  12. ^ 1808–1815
  13. ^ 1804–1809, 1812–1815
  14. ^ 1808–1813
  15. ^ 1809–1813
  16. ^ 1807–1814
  17. ^ 1806–1809
  18. ^ 1804–1807, 1812–1813
  19. ^ 1803–1808
  20. ^ 1810–1812
  1. ^ a b The term "Austrian Empire" came into use after Napoleon crowned himself Emperor of the French in 1804, whereby Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor took the title Emperor of Austria (Kaiser von Österreich) in response. The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved in 1806, and consequently "Emperor of Austria" became Francis' primary title. For this reason, "Austrian Empire" is often used instead of "Holy Roman Empire" for brevity's sake when speaking of the Napoleonic Wars, even though the two entities are not synonymous.
  2. ^ Both Austria and Prussia briefly became allies of France and contributed forces to the French Invasion of Russia in 1812.
  3. ^ a b Russia became an ally of France following the Treaty of Tilsit in 1807. The alliance broke down in 1810, which led to the French invasion in 1812. During that time Russia waged war against Sweden (1808–1809) and the Ottoman Empire (1806–1812), and nominally against Britain (1807–1812).
  4. ^ Hanover was in a personal union with Great Britain
  5. ^ The Kingdom of Hungary participated in the war with separate Hungarian regiments[2][3] in the Imperial and Royal Army, and also by a traditional army ("insurrectio").[4] The Hungarian Diet voted to join in war and agreed to pay one third of the war expenses.
  6. ^ a b The Ottoman Empire fought against Napoleon in the French Campaign in Egypt and Syria as part of the French Revolutionary Wars. During the Napoleonic era of 1803 to 1815, the Empire participated in two wars against the Allies: against Britain in the Anglo-Turkish War (1807–1809) and against Russia in the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812). Russia was allied with Napoleon 1807–1810.
  7. ^ a b The Qajar dynasty fought against Russia from 1804 to 1813; the Russians were allied with Napoleon 1807–1812.
  8. ^ Sicily remained in personal union with Naples until Naples became a French client-republic following the Battle of Campo Tenese in 1806.
  9. ^ a b c Spain was an ally of France until a stealthy French invasion in 1808, then fought France in the Peninsular War.
  10. ^ a b Nominally, Sweden declared war against Great Britain after its defeat by Russia in the Finnish War (1808–1809).
  11. ^ Sixteen of France's allies among the German states (including Bavaria and Württemberg) established the Confederation of the Rhine in July 1806 following the Battle of Austerlitz (December 1805). Following the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt (October 1806), various other German states that had previously fought alongside the anti-French allies, including Saxony and Westphalia, also allied with France and joined the Confederation. Saxony changed sides again in 1813 during the Battle of Leipzig, causing most other member-states to quickly follow suit and declare war on France.
  12. ^ These four states[which?] were the leading nations of the Confederation, but the Confederation was made up of a total of 43 principalities, kingdoms, and duchies.
  13. ^ a b Napoleon established the Duchy of Warsaw, ruled by the Kingdom of Saxony in 1807. Polish Legions had already been serving in the French armies beforehand.
  14. ^ The French Empire annexed the Kingdom of Etruria in 1807.
  15. ^ The French Empire annexed the Kingdom of Holland in 1810. Dutch troops fought against Napoleon during the Hundred Days in 1815.
  16. ^ Naples, briefly allied with Austria in 1814, allied with France again and fought against Austria during the Neapolitan War in 1815.
  17. ^ a b Blücher, scourge of Napoleon, Leggiere
  18. ^ Denmark–Norway remained neutral until the Battle of Copenhagen (1807). Denmark was compelled to cede Norway to Sweden by the Treaty of Kiel in 1814. Following a brief Swedish campaign against Norway, Norway entered a personal union with Sweden.

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Temne War 1801–1807". www.onwar.com. Retrieved 2019-03-27.
  2. ^ James R. Arnold: Napoleon Conquers Austria: The 1809 Campaign for Vienna, ABC-Clio, 2003 [1]
  3. ^ The Austrian Imperial-Royal Army (Kaiserliche-Königliche Heer) 1805 – 1809: The Hungarian Royal Army [2]
  4. ^ Todd Fisher: The Napoleonic Wars: The Empires Fight Back 1808–1812, Oshray Publishing, 2001 [3]
  5. ^ "Britain Burma Arakan Uprising 1811–1815". www.onwar.com. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  6. ^ "Temne Susu War 1815". www.onwar.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2005. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  7. ^ Bilardi, Giannella. "I MOTI FRUMENTARI AD ALGHERO NEL 1821: CRONACA DI UNA SOMMOSSA POPOLAR" (in Spanish).
  8. ^ a b c d Eskander, Saad (2014). "Britain's Policy Towards The Kurdish Question,1915–1923" (PDF). etheses.lse.ac.uk. The London School Of Economics And Political Science. pp. 10, 24.
  9. ^ Sokol, Edward Dennis (2016-06-26). The Revolt of 1916 in Russian Central Asia. JHU Press. p. 173. ISBN 9781421420516.
  10. ^ "Expeditions Against the Frontier Tribes of the Northwest Frontier Province".
  11. ^ "Arab involvement in Crimean War 'erased from history'". 3 March 2014.
  12. ^ Eskander, Saad (2014). "Britain's Policy Towards The Kurdish Question,1915–1923" (PDF). etheses.lse.ac.uk/2625/1/U615574.pdf. The London School Of Economics And Political Science. p. 25. During the Ottoman-Russian War of 1853–1856, a great Kurdish revolt broke out against the Ottomans with the support of local Christian communities. Yazdan Shir, the leader of this revolt, attempted to co-ordinate his military efforts with the Russian armies. But he failed to establish a direct communication line with Russian forces. According to Ahmad, the Ottoman forces succeeded, with direct British support, in suppressing this revolt.
  13. ^ Syed, Muzaffar Husain; Akhtar, Syed Saud; Usmani, B. D. (2011-09-14). Concise History of Islam. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 162. ISBN 978-93-82573-47-0.
  14. ^ ar:عبد الله الثاني الصباح#cite note-2[circular reference]
  15. ^ Abu-Hakima, Ahmad Mustafa. "The Expedition Route, Midhat Pasha in Al-Hasa, Kuwait's Role in the Ottoman Expedition 1871–1873, Abd Allah's Direct Role in the War." The Modern History of Kuwait, 1750–1965. London: Luzac &, 1983. 85–89. Print.
  16. ^ Wheeler, Douglas L.; Pélissier, René (1971). Angola. Praeger Publishers. p. 64. The 1873 abolition of increased dizimo (African hut tax) was a direct, if belated, response to African rebellions against it, especially the Dembos War (1872–73). This was neither the first nor would it be the last time Portugal responded to rebellion.
  17. ^ Henriksen, Thomas H. (1978). Mozambique: a history. Collings. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-86036-017-9.
  18. ^ McLaughlin, Daniel (2008). Yemen. Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 9781841622125.
  19. ^ Eppel, Michael (2016-09-13). A People Without a State: The Kurds from the Rise of Islam to the Dawn of Nationalism. University of Texas Press. p. 96. ISBN 9781477309131. Abdulhamid held a grudge against the Hamawand tribe for its revolts during the 1890s