Star (keelboat)

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Star
Class symbol
Development
DesignerFrancis Sweisguth
Year1910
Boat
Crew2 (Skipper + Crew)
S + 1.5 C ≤ 250 kg (550 lb)[1]
Draft1.016 m (3 ft 4 in)
Hull
Typekeelboat
Hull weight≥ 671 kg (1,479 lb)
(including keel)
[2]
LOA6.922 m (22 ft 9 in)[2]
LWL4.724 m (15 ft 6 in)
Beam1.734 m (5 ft 8 in) at deck
1.372 m (4 ft 6 in) at chine
Hull appendages
Keel/board typebulb keel
401.5 ± 7 kg (885 ± 15 lb)[2]
Rig
Rig typesloop
Mast length9.652 m (31 ft 8 in)
Sails
Mainsail area20.5 m2 (221 sq ft)
Jib/genoa area6.0 m2 (65 sq ft)
Upwind sail area≤ 26.5 m2 (285 sq ft)
Former Olympic class

The Star is a 6.9 metres (23 ft) one-design racing keelboat for two people designed by Francis Sweisguth in 1910. The Star was an Olympic keelboat class from 1932 through to 2012, the last year keelboats appeared at the Summer Olympics.

It is sloop-rigged, with a mainsail larger in proportional size than any other boat of its length. Unlike most modern racing boats, it does not use a spinnaker when sailing downwind. Instead, when running downwind a whisker pole is used to hold the jib out to windward for correct wind flow. Early Stars were built from wood, but modern boats are generally made of fiberglass. The boat must weigh at least 671 kg (1,479 lb) with a maximum total sail area of 26.5 m2 (285 sq ft).[3][2][1] The Star class pioneered an unusual circular boom vang track, which allows the vang to effectively hold the boom down even when the boom is turned far outboard on a downwind run. Another notable aspect of Star sailing is the extreme hiking position adopted by the crew and at times the helmsman, who normally use a harness to help hang low off the windward side of the boat with only their lower legs inside.

History[edit]

Original sail plan (pre-1922)

The Star was designed in 1910 by Francis Sweisguth, a draftsman at the William Gardner Marine Architect office. Over the course of his career Sweisguth designed a variety of yachts. A more traditional example of his work is Silent Maid, a Barnegat Bay B-class catboat designed shortly after the Star. The first 22 stars were built in Port Washington, New York by Ike Smith during the winter of 1910–11. Since that time, over 8,400 boats have been built, with more than 2,000 actively racing in 170 fleets.[4]

The hull is a hard chine design with a slight curve to the bottom section, and a bulb keel. The Star was originally rigged with a large, low-aspect-ratio gunter mainsail and jib, which was replaced by a short bermuda rig gradually during the early 1920s, before the current tall bermuda sail plan was adopted in 1930. In 1965, fiberglass replaced wood as the primary hull material. Other changes to the strict design rules for the Star class, include adding flexible spars, an innovative circular-track boom vang, and self-bailers.[4]

Events[edit]

Star Boats North American Championships June 2013
Star Boats NHYC North American Championships June 2013

Olympics[edit]

The Star was added to the Olympic roster for the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Due to World War II, there were no Olympic games held in 1940 or 1944, and for 1976, the Star was replaced by the Tempest for keelboat competition. In 2011 keelboats were removed from sailing at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. The last keelboat Olympics competition was at the 2012 London Summer Olympics.[5]

Gold Silver Bronze
1932 Los Angeles
details - Open
 United States (USA)
Gilbert Gray
Andrew Libano
 Great Britain (GBR)
George Colin Ratsey
Peter Jaffe
 Sweden (SWE)
Gunnar Asther
Daniel Sundén-Cullberg
1936 Berlin
details - Open
 Germany (GER)
Peter Bischoff
Hans-Joachim Weise
 Sweden (SWE)
Arvid Laurin
Uno Wallentin
 Netherlands (NED)
Bob Maas
Willem de Vries Lentsch
1948 London
details - Male
 United States (USA)
Hilary Smart
Paul Smart
 Cuba (CUB)
Carlos de Cárdenas
Carlos de Cárdenas Jr.
 Netherlands (NED)
Adriaan Maas
Edward Stutterheim
1952 Helsinki
details - Open
 Italy (ITA)
Agostino Straulino
Nicolò Rode
 United States (USA)
John Price
John Reid
 Portugal (POR)
Joaquim Fiúza
Francisco de Andrade
1956 Melbourne
details - Open
 United States (USA)
Herbert Williams
Lawrence Low
 Italy (ITA)
Agostino Straulino
Nicolò Rode
 Bahamas (BAH)
Durward Knowles
Sloane Farrington
1960 Rome
details - Open
 Soviet Union (URS)
Timir Pinegin
Fyodor Shutkov
 Portugal (POR)
Mário Quina
José Manuel Quina
 United States (USA)
William Parks
Robert Halperin
1964 Tokyo
details - Open
 Bahamas (BAH)
Durward Knowles
Cecil Cooke
 United States (USA)
Richard Stearns
Lynn Williams
 Sweden (SWE)
Pelle Petterson
Holger Sundström
1968 Mexico City
details - Open
 United States (USA)
Lowell North
Peter Barrett
 Norway (NOR)
Peder Lunde Jr.
Per Wiken
 Italy (ITA)
Franco Cavallo
Camillo Gargano
1972 Munich
details - Open
 Australia (AUS)
David Forbes
John Anderson
 Sweden (SWE)
Pelle Petterson
Stellan Westerdahl
 West Germany (FRG)
Wilhelm Kuhweide
Karsten Meyer
1980 Moscow
details - Open
 Soviet Union (URS)
Valentin Mankin
Aleksandr Muzychenko
 Austria (AUT)
Hubert Raudaschl
Karl Ferstl
 Italy (ITA)
Giorgio Gorla
Alfio Peraboni
1984 Los Angeles
details
 United States (USA)
William Earl Buchan
Steven Erickson
 West Germany (FRG)
Joachim Griese
Michael Marcour
 Italy (ITA)
Giorgio Gorla
Alfio Peraboni
1988 Seoul
details - Open
 Great Britain (GBR)
Michael McIntyre
Bryn Vaile
 United States (USA)
Mark Reynolds
Harold Haenel
 Brazil (BRA)
Torben Grael
Nelson Falcão
1992 Barcelona
details - Open
 United States (USA)
Mark Reynolds
Harold Haenel
 New Zealand (NZL)
Rod Davis
Don Cowie
 Canada (CAN)
Ross MacDonald
Eric Jespersen
1996 Atlanta
details - Open
 Brazil (BRA)
Torben Grael
Marcelo Ferreira
 Sweden (SWE)
Hans Wallén
Bobby Lohse
 Australia (AUS)
Colin Beashel
David Giles
2000 Sydney
details - Open
 United States (USA)
Mark Reynolds
Magnus Liljedahl
 Great Britain (GBR)
Ian Walker
Mark Covell
 Brazil (BRA)
Torben Grael
Marcelo Ferreira
2004 Athens
details - Male
 Brazil (BRA)
Torben Grael
Marcelo Ferreira
 Canada (CAN)
Ross MacDonald
Mike Wolfs
 France (FRA)
Pascal Rambeau
Xavier Rohart
2008 Beijing
details - Male
 Great Britain (GBR)
Iain Percy
Andrew Simpson
 Brazil (BRA)
Robert Scheidt
Bruno Prada
 Sweden (SWE)
Fredrik Lööf
Anders Ekström
2012 London
details - Male
 Sweden (SWE)
Fredrik Lööf
Max Salminen
 Great Britain (GBR)
Iain Percy
Andrew Simpson
 Brazil (BRA)
Robert Scheidt
Bruno Prada

World Championships[edit]

The Star World Championships has been held annually since 1923. Most titles has American sailor Lowell North won, with five titles between 1945 and 1973 and another seven podiums. The most crowned skipper-crew combination is Italian duo Agostino Straulino and Nicolò Rode and Brazilian duo Robert Scheidt and Bruno Prada with three titles each. Also, American Mark Reynolds has three titles, but with different crew.

Gold Silver Bronze
1923 Western Long Island Sound[6]
details
 Taurus (USA)
William Inslee
Robert Nelson
 Astrea (CAN)
Harry Wylie
Ernest Ratsey
 Doris (USA)
R. Walton
L. Carey
1924 Western Long Island Sound[7]
details
 Little Bear (USA)
Jack Robinson
Arthur Knapp Jr.
 Rhody (USA)
Ben Comstock
William Gidley
 California (USA)
B. Weston
R. Schauer
1925 Western Long Island Sound[8]
details
 Ace (USA)
Adrian Iselin
Ed Willis
 Auriga (CAN)
G. H. C. Phillips
C. G. Davis
 Movie Star II (USA)
B. Rey Schauer
Ed. Gillett
1926 Western Long Island Sound[9]
details
 Rhody (USA)
Ben Comstock
William Gidley
 Ardora (USA)
D. Starring
F. Bedford
 Dona Bertha (USA)
H. Fisher
H. Denhie
1927 Narragansett Bay[10]
details
 Tempe III (USA)
Walt Hubbard Jr.
Richard Edwards
 Coleen (USA)
F. Bedford
B. Cunningham
 Mackerel (USA)
H. Smith
W. Henderson
1928 Newport Harbor[11]
details
 Sparkler II (USA)
Prentice Edrington
Gilbert Gray
 Okla (USA)
Joseph Watkins
Arthur Knapp Jr.
 Windward (USA)
J. Jessop
J. Sykes
1929 New Orleans[12]
details
 Eel (USA)
Graham Johnson
Lawdens Johnson
 Sparkler II (USA)
Gilbert Gray
Prentice Edrington
 Okla II (USA)
Joseph Watkins
William McHugh
1930 Chesapeake Bay[13]
details
 Peggy Wee (USA)
Arthur Knapp Jr.
Newell Weed
 Tempe IV (USA)
W. Hubbard
T. Dittmar
 Okla II (USA)
Joseph Watkins
William McHugh
1931 Western Long Island Sound[14]
details
 Coleen (USA)
William McHugh
Joseph Watkins
 Joy (GBR)
Colin Ratsey
S. Elsbree
 Zoa (USA)
Edward Fink
A. McCrate
1932 Central Long Island Sound[15]
details
 Mist (USA)
Edward Fink
Edwin Thorne
 Wings (USA)
C. Pflug
J. Pflug
 Laura G (USA)
Ralph Bradley
P. Singer
1933 Long Beach Harbour[16]
details
 Three Star (USA)
William Glenn Waterhouse
Woodbridge Metcalf
 Mist (USA)
Edwin Thorne
Landon K. Thorne
 Chip (USA)
Herbert Dowsett Jr.
H. White
1934 San Francisco[17]
details
 By-C (USA)
Hook Beardslee
Myron Lehmann
 Andiamo III (USA)
John Arms
J. Abberley
 Ace (USA)
Adrian Iselin
W. White
1935 Newport Harbour[18]
details
 By-C (USA)
Hook Beardslee
Myron Lehmann
 Ace (USA)
Adrian Iselin
Ed Willis
 Three Star (USA)
William Glenn Waterhouse
Woodbridge Metcalf
1936 Lake Ontario[19]
details
 Ace (USA)
Adrian Iselin
Garrett Horder
 By-C (USA)
Hook Beardslee
Myron Lehmann
 Chuckle II (USA)
Harold Halsted
Wilmot Halsey
1937 Western Long Island Sound[20]
details
 Lecky (USA)
Milton Wegeforth
Ernest Phillips
 Pimm (GER)
Walter von Hütschler
Hans-Joachim Weise
 Chuckle II (USA)
Harold Halsted
Wilmot Halsey
1938 San Diego[21]
details
 Pimm (GER)
Walter von Hütschler
Hans-Joachim Weise
 Gale (USA)
Harry Gale Nye Jr.
Myron Lehmann
 Mercury (USA)
J. McAleese
F. Graham
1939 Kiel[22]
details
 Pimm (GER)
Walter von Hütschler
Egon Beyn
 Polluce (ITA)
Agostino Straulino
Nicolò Rode
 Maggel (GER)
Peter Hansohm
Christian Blankenburg
1940 San Diego[23]
details
 Rambunctious (USA)
James Cowie
Gordon Cowie
 Jade (USA)
Robert White
Robert Holcomb
 Twin Star (USA)
Lockwood Pirie
Richard Miller
1941 Los Angeles[24]
details
 Wench (USA)
George Fleitz
William Severence
 Gale (USA)
Harry Gale Nye Jr.
Jim Michael
 Scout III (USA)
Myron Lehmann
Paul McKibben
1942 Lake Michigan[25]
details
 United States
Harry Gale Nye Jr.
Stanley Fahlstrom
 United States
Sterling Potter
Ed Douglass
 United States
Tommy Scripps
Maurice Watson
1943 Great South Bay[26]
details
 United States
Arthur Deacon
Perry Roehm
 United States
W. H. Picken Jr.
Joseph Forrington
 Cuba
Carlos de Cárdenas
G. Carricaburu
1944 Lake Michigan[27]
details
 United States
Gerald Driscoll
Malin Burnham
 United States
Robert Lippincott
Ed Shivelhood
 United States
Herbert Williams
A. Nye
1945 Central Long Island Sound[28]
details
 United States
Malin Burnham
Lowell North
 United States
James Cowie
Walter Krug
 United States
E. W. Etchells
Mary Etchells
1946 Havana[29]
details
 Wench II (USA)
George Fleitz
Walter Krug
 Pagan (USA)
Robert White
Gordon Holcombe
 Gem II (BAH)
Durward Knowles
Basil Kelly
1947 Los Angeles[30]
details
 Gem II (BAH)
Durward Knowles
Robert Levin
 Hilarius (USA)
Hilary Smart
Stan Ogilvy
 Glider (USA)
Richard Stearns
Robert Rodgers
1948 Cascais[31]
details
 Twin Star (USA)
Lockwood Pirie
Harry Rugeroni
 Polluce (ITA)
Agostino Straulino
Nicolò Rode
 Hilarius (USA)
Hilary Smart
Paul Smart
1949 Chicago[32]
details
 Gale (USA)
Harry Gale Nye Jr.
Stanley Fahlstrom
 Blue Star II (USA)
Robert Lippincott
Robert Levin
 Flame (USA)
Stan Ogilvy
Owen Torrey
1950 Chicago[33]
details
 Sea Robin (USA)
Robert Lippincott
Robert Levin
 Twin Star (USA)
Lockwood Pirie
Charles Tuttle
 Shillalah (USA)
E. W. Etchells
Mary Etchells
1951 Gibson Island[34]
details
 Shillalah (USA)
E. W. Etchells
Mary Etchells
 Magic (USA)
Richard Stearns
Robert Rodgers
 Flame (USA)
Stan Ogilvy
Whitney Stueck
1952 Cascais[35]
details
 Merope (ITA)
Agostino Straulino
Nicolò Rode
 Flower (USA)
Robert Lippincott
Dan Hubers
 Faneca (POR)
Duarte Manuel Bello
Fernando Bello
1953 Naples[36]
details
 Merope II (ITA)
Agostino Straulino
Nicolò Rode
 Faneca (POR)
Duarte Manuel Bello
João Miguel Tito
 Asterope (ITA)
Tito Nordio
Livio Sangulin
1954 Cascais[37]
details
 Kurush V (CUB)
Carlos de Cárdenas
Carlos de Cárdenas Jr.
 Gem II (BAH)
Durward Knowles
Sloane Farrington
 Merope II (ITA)
Agostino Straulino
Nicolò Rode
1955 Havana[38]
details
 Kurush V (CUB)
Carlos de Cárdenas
Carlos de Cárdenas Jr.
 Kurush IV (CUB)
Jorge de Cárdenas
Alberto Garcia Tunon
 Vengeance (USA)
William Gentzlinger
Clair L. Farrand
1956 Naples[39]
details
 Merope II (ITA)
Agostino Straulino
Nicolò Rode
 North Star III (USA)
Lowell North
James B. Hill
 Kurush IV (CUB)
Álvaro de Cárdenas
Jorge de Cárdenas
1957 Havana[40]
details
 North Star III (USA)
Lowell North
James B. Hill
 Candide (FRA)
Albert Debarge
Paul Elvstrøm
 Star of the Sea (BAH)
Joseph Duplin
Peter Wilhauser
1958 San Diego[41]
details
 Nhycusa (USA)
William P. Ficker
Mark Yorston
 Perseverance (USA)
Chick Rollins
William Pickford
 Dingo (USA)
Ding Schoonmaker
Malin Burnham
1959 Newport Harbour[42]
details
 North Star III (USA)
Lowell North
Mort Carlile
 Turmoil (USA)
Gary Comer
Bill Hackel
 Nhycusa (USA)
William P. Ficker
Tom Skahill
1960 Rio de Janeiro[43]
details
 North Star III (USA)
Lowell North
Tom Skahill
 Deacon (USA)
Donald K. Edler
Kent Edler
 Fierce (USA)
Robert Lippincott
Frank Hogg
1961 San Diego Bay[44]
details
 Frolic (USA)
William Earl Buchan
Douglas Knight
 Tranquil (USA)
John Bennett
John McKeague
 North Star IV (USA)
Lowell North
Tom Skahill
1962 Cascais[45]
details
 Glider (USA)
Richard Stearns
Lynn Williams
 Faneca (POR)
Duarte Bello
Fernando Bello
 Shanty (USA)
E. W. Etchells
R. M. Allan III
1963 Chicago[46]
details
 Star of the Sea (USA)
Joseph Duplin
Francis Dolan
 North Star (USA)
Lowell North
Tom Skahill
 Wayward Wind (USA)
Blair Fletcher
Asa L. Colson
1964 Boston Harbour[47]
details
 Big Daddy (USA)
Donald K. Edler
Kent Edler
 Star of the Sea (USA)
Joseph Duplin
Francis Dolan
 Chatterbox (USA)
Malin Burnham
Charles Lewsadder
1965 Newport Harbour[48]
details
 Mache (USA)
Donald Bever
Charles Lewsadder
 Chatterbox (USA)
Malin Burnham
James Reynolds
 Frolic (USA)
William Earl Buchan
Douglas Knight
1966 Kiel[49]
details
 Scandale (DEN)
Paul Elvstrøm
John Albrechtson
 North Star (USA)
Lowell North
Peter Barrett
 Glider (USA)
Richard Stearns
Lynn Williams
1967 Copenhagen[50]
details
 Scandale (DEN)
Paul Elvstrøm
Poul Mik-Meyer
 North Star (USA)
Lowell North
Peter Barrett
 Swingin' Star (USA)
Donald Trask
William Kreysler
1968 not held because of the 1968 Summer Olympics
1969 San Diego[51]
details
 Humbug VII (SWE)
Pelle Petterson
Ulf Schröder
 Good Grief! (USA)
Tom Blackaller
Gary Mull
 North Star (USA)
Lowell North
Peter Barrett
1970 Marstrand[52]
details
 Frolic (USA)
William Earl Buchan
Carl F. Sutter
 Dingo (USA)
Ding Schoonmaker
Arne Åkerson
 Blott X (SWE)
Stig Wennerström
Sture Christensson
1971 Seattle[53]
details
 Menace (USA)
Dennis Conner
James Reynolds
 Something Else (USA)
Lowell North
Peter Barrett
 Contact (SWE)
John Albrechtson
Göran Tell
1972 Caracas[54]
details
 Sunny (FRG)
Wilhelm Kuhweide
Karsten Meyer
 Buho Blanco (BRA)
Jörg Bruder
Cláudio Biekarck
 Dingo (USA)
Ding Schoonmaker
Thomas Dudinsky
1973 San Diego[55]
details
 North Star (USA)
Lowell North
Peter Barrett
 Frolic (USA)
William Earl Buchan
Craig Thomas
 Streaker (USA)
Tom Blackaller
Ron Anderson
1974 Laredo[56]
details
 Swift (USA)
Tom Blackaller
Ron Anderson
 Humbug XVIII (SWE)
Pelle Petterson
Ingvar Hansson
 Gem (BAH)
Durward Knowles
Jerry Ford
1975 Lake Michigan[57]
details
 Dingo (USA)
Ding Schoonmaker
Jerry Ford
 Impossible (USA)
Tom Blackaller
Ron Anderson
 Virgo III (USA)
Peter Wright
Bill Wright
1976 Nassau[58]
details
 Mustard Seed (USA)
James Allsopp
Michael Guhin
 Frolic (USA)
William Earl Buchan
Earl Lasher
 Suzanne (USA)
Barton Beek
William Munster
1977 Kiel[59]
details
 United States
Dennis Conner
Ron Anderson
 Sweden
Sune Carlsson
Leif Carlsson
 West Germany
Uwe von Below
Franz Wehofsich
1978 San Francisco[60]
details
 United States
Buddy Melges
Andreas Josenhans
 United States
Dennis Conner
Ron Anderson
 United States
Tom Blackaller
Ed Bennett
1979 Marstrand[61]
details
 United States
Buddy Melges
Andreas Josenhans
 United States
William Earl Buchan
Douglas Knight
 United States
Peter Wright
Todd Cozzens
1980 Rio de Janeiro[62]
details
 Chewbacca (USA)
Tom Blackaller
David Shaw
 Riky (ITA)
Albino Fravezzi
Oscar Dalvit
 Findus (ITA)
Giorgio Gorla
Alfio Peraboni
1981 Marblehead[63]
details
 West Germany
Alexander Hagen
Vincent Hösch
 United States
Peter Wright
Todd Cozzens
 United States
William Earl Buchan
Ron Anderson
1982 Medemblik[64]
details
 Spain
Antonio Gorostegui
José Luis Doreste
 West Germany
Alexander Hagen
Vincent Hösch
 United States
William Earl Buchan
Steve Erickson
1983 Marina del Rey[65]
details
 Spain
Antonio Gorostegui
José Luis Doreste
 West Germany
Joachim Griese
Michael Marcour
 United States
William Earl Buchan
William Carl Buchan
1984 Vilamoura[66]
details
 Findus (ITA)
Giorgio Gorla
Alfio Peraboni
 United States
Andrew Menkart
James Kavle
 United States
Paul Cayard
Ken Keefe
1985 Nassau[67]
details
 United States
William Earl Buchan
Steve Erickson
 Netherlands
Steven Bakker
Kobus Vandenberg
 United States
Paul Cayard
Ken Keefe
1986 Isle of Capri[68]
details
 United States
Vicente Brun
Hugo Schreiner
 Italy
Giuseppe Milone
Roberto Mottola
 United States
Ed Adams
Tom Olsen
1987 Chicago[69]
details
 United States
Ed Adams
Tom Olsen
 West Germany
Alexander Hagen
Fritz Girr
 United States
Paul Cayard
Steve Erickson
1988 Buenos Aires[70]
details
 United States
Paul Cayard
Steve Erickson
 United States
Mark Reynolds
Hal Haenel
 United States
Ed Adams
Tom Olsen
1989 Porto Cervo[71]
details
 Era Ora (BRA)
Alan Adler
Nelson Falcão
 West Germany
Werner Fritz
Ulrich Seeberger
 C-Ya (CAN)
Ross MacDonald
Bruce MacDonald
1990 Cleveland[72]
details
 Brazil
Torben Grael
Marcelo Ferreira
 Denmark
Benny F. Andersen
Mogens Just
 Sweden
Mats Johansson
Stefan Hemlin
1991 Cannes[73]
details
 Italy
Roberto Benamati
Mario Salani
 Brazil
Torben Grael
Marcelo Ferreira
 United States
Mark Reynolds
Hal Haenel
1992 San Francisco[74]
details
 United States
William Carl Buchan
Hugo Schreiner
 United States
Joe Londrigan
Phil Trinter
 United States
Paul Cayard
Steve Erickson
1993 Kiel[75]
details
 United States
Joe Londrigan
Phil Trinter
 Sweden
Hans Wallén
Bobby Lohse
 Germany
Alexander Hagen
Kai Falkenthal
1994 San Diego[76]
details
 Canada
Ross MacDonald
Eric Jespersen
 Brazil
Alan Adler
Rodrigo Meireles
 Brazil
Torben Grael
Marcelo Ferreira
1995 Laredo[77]
details
 United States
Mark Reynolds
Hal Haenel
 Brazil
Torben Grael
Marcelo Ferreira
 Denmark
Christian Rasmussen
Kasper Harsberg
1996 Rio de Janeiro[78]
details
 Italy
Enrico Chieffi
Roberto Sinibaldi
 United States
Mark Reynolds
Hal Haenel
 Brazil
Torben Grael
Marcelo Ferreira
1997 Marblehead[79]
details
 Germany
Alexander Hagen
Marcelo Ferreira
 United States
Mark Reynolds
Magnus Liljedahl
 Bermuda
Peter Bromby
Michael Marcel
1998 Portorož[80]
details
 Australia
Colin Beashel
David Giles
 Brazil
Torben Grael
Marcelo Ferreira
 Germany
Alexander Hagen
Thorsten Helmert
1999 Punta Ala[81]
details
 United States
Eric Doyle
Tom Olsen
 Canada
Ross MacDonald
Kai Bjorn
 United States
Mark Reynolds
Magnus Liljedahl
2000 Annapolis[82]
details
 United States
Mark Reynolds
Magnus Liljedahl
 Canada
Ross MacDonald
Kai Bjorn
 Ireland
Mark Mansfield
David O'Brien
2001 Medemblik[83]
details
 Sweden
Fredrik Lööf
Christian Finnsgård
 New Zealand
Gavin Brady
George Iverson
 United States
Vicente Brun
Mike Dorgan
2002 Marina del Rey[84]
details
 Great Britain
Iain Percy
Steve Mitchell
 Brazil
Torben Grael
Marcelo Ferreira
 France
Xavier Rohart
Yannick Adde
2003 Cádiz[85]
details
 France
Xavier Rohart
Pascal Rambeau
 Sweden
Fredrik Lööf
Anders Ekström
 Great Britain
Iain Percy
Steve Mitchell
2004 Gaeta[86]
details
 Sweden
Fredrik Lööf
Anders Ekström
 Switzerland
Flavio Marazzi
Enrico De Maria
 Great Britain
Iain Percy
Steve Mitchell
2005 Buenos Aires[87]
details
 France
Xavier Rohart
Pascal Rambeau
 Brazil
Torben Grael
Marcelo Ferreira
 Great Britain
Iain Percy
Steve Mitchell
2006 San Francisco[88]
details
 New Zealand
Hamish Pepper
Carl Williams
 Brazil
Robert Scheidt
Bruno Prada
 France
Xavier Rohart
Pascal Rambeau
2007 Cascais[89]
details
 Brazil
Robert Scheidt
Bruno Prada
 France
Xavier Rohart
Pascal Rambeau
 Great Britain
Iain Percy
Andrew Simpson
2008 Miami[90]
details
 Poland
Mateusz Kusznierewicz
Dominik Życki
 Italy
Diego Negri
Luigi Viale
 Brazil
Robert Scheidt
Bruno Prada
2009 Varberg[91]
details
 United States
George Szabo
Rick Peters
 New Zealand
Hamish Pepper
Craig Monk
 Brazil
Lars Grael
Ronald Seifert
2010 Rio de Janeiro[92]
details
 Great Britain
Iain Percy
Andrew Simpson
 Switzerland
Flavio Marazzi
Enrico De Maria
 Brazil
Torben Grael
Marcelo Ferreira
2011 Perth[93]
details
 Brazil
Robert Scheidt
Bruno Prada
 Germany
Robert Stanjek
Frithjof Kleen
 United States
Mark Mendelblatt
Brian Fatih
2012 Hyères[94]
details
 Brazil
Robert Scheidt
Bruno Prada
 Great Britain
Iain Percy
Andrew Simpson
 Denmark
Michael Hestbæk
Claus Olesen
2013 San Diego[95]
details
 United States
John MacCausland
Phil Trinter
 United States
Andrew Campbell
John Von Schwarz
 United States
Mark Reynolds
Hal Haenel
2014 Malcesine[96]
details
 Germany
Robert Stanjek
Frithjof Kleen
 Italy
Diego Negri
Sergio Lambertenghi
 Norway
Eivind Melleby
Bruno Prada
2015 Buenos Aires[97]
details
 Brazil
Lars Grael
Samuel Gonçalves
 Brazil
Marcelo Fuchs
Ronald Seifert
 Italy
Diego Negri
Sergio Lambertenghi
2016 Miami[98]
details
 United States
Augie Diaz
Bruno Prada
 Italy
Diego Negri
Sergio Lambertenghi
 United States
Brian Ledbetter
Joshua Revkin
2017 Troense[99]
details
 Norway
Eivind Melleby
Joshua Revkin
 Brazil
Lars Grael
Samuel Gonçalves
 Germany
Reinhard Schmidt
Paul Sradnick
2018 Oxford[100]
details
 Brazil
Jorge Zarif
Guilherme de Almeida
 Norway
Eivind Melleby
Joshua Revkin
 United States
Paul Cayard
Arthur Lopes
2019 Porto Cervo[101]
details
 Poland
Mateusz Kusznierewicz
Bruno Prada
 United States
Augie Diaz
Henry Boening
 Norway
Eivind Melleby
Joshua Revkin
2020 Miami[102] cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic
2021 Kiel[103]
details
 Italy
Diego Negri
Frithjof Kleen
 Croatia
Tonči Stipanović
Tudor Bilić
 Austria
Hans Spitzauer
Christian Nehammer
2022 Marblehead[104][105]
details
 Italy
Diego Negri
Sergio Lambertenghi
 Croatia
Tonči Stipanović
Tudor Bilić
 United States
Paul Cayard
Frithjof Kleen

Star Sailors League[edit]

The Star Sailors League was created in 2013 by athletes to establish a sustainable sailing circuit.

Famous Star sailors[edit]

  • Ralph Craig (Olympic 100 and 200 meter Champion: 1912)
  • Duarte Bello (Championship competitor, 1947–1970s. Invented auto-bailers and circular boom-vang track)
  • John F. Kennedy (Nantucket Sound Star Class Championship: 1936)[4]
  • Agostino Straulino (Olympic Champion: 1952; World Champion: 1952, 1953, 1956; Olympic Silver: 1956)
  • Robert Halperin (Olympic Bronze: 1960; Pan American Games Gold: 1963)
  • Paul Elvstrøm (World Champion: 1966, 1967)
  • Dennis Conner (World Champion: 1971, 1977)
  • Buddy Melges (World Champion: 1978, 1979)
  • Iain Percy (Olympic Champion: 2008; World Champion: 2010; Olympic Silver: 2012)
  • Robert Scheidt (Olympic Silver: 2008; Olympic Bronze: 2012; World Champion: 2008, 2011, 2012; SSL Finals: 2013)
  • Fredrik Lööf (World Champion: 2001, 2004; Olympic Champion: 2012)

See also[edit]

  • Comet (dinghy), a smaller and more easily transported sailboat, based upon the Star design

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Star Class Association Rules" (PDF). Star Log. International Star Class Yacht Racing Association. January 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
  2. ^ a b c d "2015 Specifications" (PDF). Star Log. International Star Class Yacht Racing Association. 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
  3. ^ "Rules of the ISCYRA". Star Log. International Star Class Yacht Racing Association. 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
  4. ^ a b c Bird, Vanessa (March 22, 2011). "International Star Class". Classic Boat. Classic Classes. Chelsea Magazines Ltd. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
  5. ^ "Windsurfing and Kiteboarding Committee Presentation".
  6. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
  7. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
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  58. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
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  60. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
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  64. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
  65. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
  66. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
  67. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
  68. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
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  71. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
  72. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
  73. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
  74. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
  75. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
  76. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
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  78. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
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  84. ^ "Star Class | History".
  85. ^ "Star Class | History".
  86. ^ "2004 Star World Championship" (PDF).
  87. ^ "Star" (PDF).
  88. ^ "2006 World Championship" (PDF).
  89. ^ "2007 ISAF Olympic Classes Worlds" (PDF).
  90. ^ "2008 World Championship" (PDF).
  91. ^ "2009 World Championship" (PDF).
  92. ^ "2010 Star World Championship" (PDF).
  93. ^ http://www.sailing.org/isaf-worlds-2011.php
  94. ^ "Final après jury". Archived from the original on 2012-05-20.
  95. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
  96. ^ https://site-isaf.soticcloud.net/regattainfo.php?view=eventoa&rgtaid=17434&regattaid=17434&evntid=33373#results__17434
  97. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
  98. ^ "History". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
  99. ^ http://www.starworlds2017.com/images/LarsB_Div/Resultater/R1R2R3R4R5R6_Final.pdf
  100. ^ https://2018worlds.starchampionships.org/
  101. ^ "World Championship Archives". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
  102. ^ "News". International Star Class Yacht Racing Association.
  103. ^ "Star Class World Championship 2021". manage2sail.com.
  104. ^ "2022 Star World Championship". Yacht Scoring.
  105. ^ https://2022worlds.starchampionships.org/

External links[edit]